2. Book Two New Horizon College English Unit Seven

3. Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life Section A

4. Intensive Study After-reading Activities Structure of the Passage Expressions & Patterns Translation Writing Pre-reading Activities

5.  Background Background  Listen and Answer Listen and Answer  Watch and Discuss Watch and Discuss Pre-reading Activities  Look and Talk Look and Talk

6. Pre-reading Activities —— Background 1.Dr. Robert S. Eliot, the author of the book: From Stress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life. You can read a short discussion on his book at http://www.watchtower.org/library/g/1998/3/2 2/article_01.htm. http://www.watchtower.org/library/g/1998/3/2 2/article_01.htm

7. 2. Benjamin (Ben) Franklin, a very famous American of the 1700’s best known for his experiments with electricity and nature using kites. Have a look at http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/ http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/ for more information about him.

8. Pre-reading Activities —— Look and Talk 1. Your dorm is just another study room. 2. You are hard-driving, competitive, and overly committed to your study. 3. Work makes you happier than anything else in your life. 4. Sleep and playtime seem like a waste. 5. You believe that if you get the chance to do it again, you ’ ll do it right. 6. You get restless on vacations (if you even take them) and sometimes cut them short. Are you a workaholic? Are the following statements true or false for you?

9. 7. Your mind is always in “ problem-solving ” situations, even during your “ time off ”. 8. Friends either don ’ t call anymore, or you can’t wait to get off the phone when they do call. 9. People who love you tell you that you are energetic and workhorselike. 10. You are tired, irritable, socially isolated, and might even have physical stress symptoms such as headaches, insomnia, shortness of breath, racing heart, muscle tension.

10. Read the following poem. Discuss it in pairs. one week with a workaholic when I found you 1 you thought 2 you were 3 tied to that chair 4 you were lonely 5 and I showed you 6 those ropes were air 7 key Question: What do you think the seven numbers mean?

11. One possible answer is that they mean the seven days of the week. Certainly, you could have your own idea about it.

12. Pre-reading Activities —— Pre-reading Activities —— Listen and Answer Second Listening First Listening Listen to the tape again.Then answer the following questions with your own experiences. 1.What causes stress? Please listen to a short passage carefully and prepare to answer some questions. Stress is caused by fear, uncertainty, doubt and lack of control. Anger may be the root of this stress, especially for hard-working professional women and people with no goals in life.

13. 2. What are the NICE factors? Why are they important? To relax and take control, try the NICE factors: new, interesting, challenging experiences. 3. How do we follow Ben Franklin ’ s example? Follow Ben Franklin’s example by writing down the major goals you want to achieve in your life. For the problems over which you have no control, you have to learn to go with the flow.

14. Stress can kill you. Being tense can damage your heart so it is wise to take charge of your life and realize you cannot control everything. But you can control stress which is caused by fear, uncertainty, doubt and lack of control. Anger may be the root of this stress, especially for hard-working professional women and people with no goals in life. To relax and take control, try the NICE factors: new, interesting, challenging experiences. And follow Ben Franklin ’ s example by writing down the major goals you want to achieve in your life. For the problems over which you have no control, you have to learn to go with the flow. Tapescript

15. Click here to watch the video clip. Pre-reading Activities —— Pre-reading Activities —— Watch and Discuss

16. 1. What did Susan forget? 2. What are your pressure in the past and at the present? 3. Please give at least two ways of coping with pressure. 4. Are you a person who works to live or a person who lives to work? Why? Discussion Questions:

17.  Major Writing Techniques Major Writing Techniques Major Writing Techniques StructureAnalysis StructureAnalysis  Structure Analysis Structure Analysis Structure of the Passage

18. Central topic: Centering around how to lighten your load and save your life, the passage analyzes the root of stress and provides the ways of reducing stress according to the study of Dr. Robert S. Eliot of Nebraska University. —— Structure of the Passage —— Structure Analysis

19. Analysis of each part: Main idea: Main idea: The relation between stress and health discovered by Dr. Robert S. Eliot. Main idea Main idea : The root of stress. Part I (Paras.1-7) Part II (Paras. 8-11) Main idea: Main idea: The ways of lightening the load. Part III (Paras. 12-20)

20. This passage can also be analyzed from the perspective of the problem-solution pattern, which can be described in the following chart. Problem: Stress may be harmful to health. (Para. 1) Analysis 1: Physiological harm stress causes (Paras.4-5) 1) Being tense may cause increases in blood pressure. 2) Stressed people have higher cholesterol levels. 3) Excess stress chemicals may burst heart muscle fibers. 4) Excess stress may cause crazy heart rhythms.

21. Analysis 2: Example of a stressful person. (Para. 6) Analysis 3: Main factors causing stress—FUD factors. (Para. 7) Analysis 4: The root of stress: Anger. Why? (Paras. 8-11) 1) Feeling that everything must be perfect. 2) Having no compass in life.

22. Solution 1: (Paras. 12-18) Taking charge of your life. 1) write down the 6 most important things in your life. 2) put them on a note card and look at it when you need to. 3) change the priorities when necessary. Solution 2: (Paras. 18-20) Try to realize there are things beyond our control and learn to flow rather than fight or flee.

23. Major writing techniques Quotation Cause and effect Exemplification ——Major Writing Techniques Structure of the Passage ——Major Writing Techniques

24. Quotation Based on the study of Dr. Robert S. Eliot of Nebraska University, this passage analyzes the harm of stress in life, the cause for it and the way to solve it through a list of quotations from his study. Typical sentences: 1) Eliot says there are people in this world whom he calls “hot reactors”. (Para. 4) continue

25. 2) “We’ve done years of work in showing that excess alarm or stress chemicals can literally burst heart muscle fibers. When that happens it happens very quickly, within five minutes. It creates many short circuits, and that causes crazy heart rhythms. The heart beats like a bag of worms instead of a pump. And when that happens, we can’t live. ” (Para. 5) 3) “Does the anger come from a feeling that everything must be perfect? ” Eliot asks. “That’s very common in professional women. … Then they feel guilty and they start the whole cycle over again.” (Paras. 8-9) continue

26. 4) “Others are angry because they have no compass in life. And they give the same emphasis to a traffic jam that they give a family argument,” he says. “If you own anger for more than five minutes － if you stir in your own juice with no safety outlet － you have to find out where it’s coming from.” (Para. 10) “What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, the more likely they are to blow apart with some heart problem.” (Para. 11) 5) See Paras. 13-20.

27. Exemplification 1) Eliot, 64, suffered a heart attack at age 44. He attributes some of the cause to stress. For years he was a “hot reactor”. On the exterior, he was cool, calm and collected, but on the interior, stress was killing him. He’s now doing very well. (Para. 6) 2) Ben Franklin did it at age 32. “He wrote things like being a better father, being a better husband, being financially independent, being stimulated intellectually and remaining even-tempered—he wasn’t good at that. ” (Para. 15)

28. Cause and effect In the reading passage the writer deals with the harmful effects of stress. In paragraph 5, we find the shocking effect of stress is death, however, the writer does not jump to the conclusion abruptly. Instead, the writer presents a progressive process of a series of causes and effects, which makes the argument more convincing. Look at paragraph 5 as an example:

29. The argument: stress leads to death. Cause and Effect 1: Cause: stressed people—people who have stress Effect: They have higher cholesterol, among other illnesses. Cause and Effect 2: Cause: excess alarm or stress chemicals Effect: They can literally burst heart muscle fibers. continue

30. Cause and Effect 3: Cause: Your heart muscle fibers are harmed. Effect: It creates many short circuits, and that causes heart rhythms. The heart beats like a bag of worms instead of a pump. Cause and Effect 4: Cause: You suffer from crazy heart rhythms. Effect: We can’t live.

31. Para.1 If you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart. overwhelmed Para. 2 If you don ’ t want to break your own heart, you need to learn to take charge of your life where you can — and recognize there are many things beyond your control. Intensive Study Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life

32. Para.3 So says Dr. Robert S. Eliot, author of a new book titled From Stress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life. He ’ s a clinical professor of medicine at the University of Nebraska.titled Para.4 Eliot says there are people in this world whom he calls “ hot reactors ”. For these people, being tense may cause tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure.

33. Para.5 Eliot says researchers have found that stressed people have higher cholesterol levels, among other things. “ We ’ ve done years of work in showing that excess alarm or stress chemicals can literally burst heart muscle fibers. When that happens it happens very quickly, within five minutes. It creates many short circuits, and that causes crazy heart rhythms. The heart beats like a bag of worms instead of a pump. And when that happens, we can ’ t live. ”excesspump

34. Para.6 Eliot, 64, suffered a heart attack at age 44. He attributes some of the cause to stress. For years he was a “ hot reactor ”. On the exterior, he was cool, calm and collected but on the interior, stress was killing him. He ’ s now doing very well.attributesexterior Para.7 The main predictors of destructive levels of stress are the FUD factors—fear, uncertainty and doubt—together with perceived lack of control, he says.

35. Para.8 For many people, the root of their stress is anger, and the trick is to find out where the anger is coming from. “ Does the anger come from a feeling that everything must be perfect? ” Eliot asks. Para.9 “That ’s very common in professional women. They feel they have to be all things to all people and do it all perfectly. They think, ‘ I should, I must, I have to. ’ Good enough is never good enough. Perfectionists cannot delegate. They get angry that they have to carry it all, and they blow their tops. Then they feel guilty and they start the whole cycle over again. ”delegatecycle

36. Para.10 “ Others are angry because they have no compass in life. And they give the same emphasis to a traffic jam that they give a family argument, ” he says. “ If you own anger for more than five minutes—if you stir in your own juice with no safety outlet—you have to find out where it’s coming from. ” compass Para.11 “ What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, the more likely they are to blow apart with some heart problem. ”

37. Para.12 One step to calming down is recognizing you have this tendency. Learn to be less hostile by changing some of your attitudes and negative thinking. Para.13 Eliot recommends taking charge of your life. “ If there is one word that should be substituted for stress, it ’ s control. Instead of the FUD factors, what you want is the NICE factors—new, interesting, challenging experiences. ”recommendssubstituted

38. Para.14 “ You have to decide what parts of your life you can control ”, he says. “ Stop where you are on your trail and say, ‘ I ’ m going to get my compass out and find out what I need to do. ’” Para. 15 He suggests that people write down the six things in their lives that they feel are the most important things they ’ d like to achieve. Ben Franklin did it at age 32. “ He wrote down things like being a better father, being a better husband, being financially independent, being stimulated intellectually and remaining even tempered—he wasn ’ t good at that. ”stimulated

39. Para.16 Eliot says you can first make a list of 12 things, then cut it down to 6 and set your priorities. “ Don ’ t give yourself impossible things, but things that will affect your identity, control and self-worth. ”cutdownpriorities Para. 17 “ Put them on a note card and take it with you and look at it when you need to. Since we can ’ t create a 26-hour day we have to decide what things we ’ re going to do. ”

40. Para.18 Keep in mind that over time these priorities are going to change. “ The kids grow up, the dog dies and you change your priorities. ” Para.19 From Eliot ’ s viewpoint, the other key to controlling stress is to “ realize that there are other troublesome parts of your life over which you can have little or no control—like the economy and politicians ”.viewpoint Para.20 You have to realize that sometimes with things like traffic jams, deadlines and unpleasant bosses, “ You can ’ t fight. You can ’ t flee. You have to learn how to flow. ”deadlines

41. The whole nation was overwhelmed with excitement because of its victory in bidding for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games. He was overwhelmed with grief at the news of his son’s death in an accident. 听到儿子在事故中丧生的消息, 他悲痛欲绝。 They were overwhelmed by the enemy. 他们被敌军击败了。 overwhelm vt. 1) (of feelings) make (sb.) completely helpless, usu. suddenly 2) defeat 由于申办 2008 年奥运会成功，整个国家沉浸在兴奋激动之中。 警察抓住抢劫者的胳膊制服了他。 FOR EXAMPLE: The policeman overwhelmed the robber by holding his arm. Now you try:

42. Shakespeare titled his play A Mid-Summer Night ’ s Dream. 莎士比亚把他的剧本定名为《仲夏夜之梦》。 I can never remember film titles. 我从来记不住电影的片 名。 你给你的小说冠以什么名字？ FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: give a name to a book What do you title your novel? title vt. n. a name given to a book, picture, etc.

43. This excess of losses over profits will ruin the business. 这种亏损超过赢利的情况会使企业垮掉的。 excess a. n. additional and not wanted or needed an amount that is more than what is needed or wanted; too much He spends too much money; his excesses put him into debt. FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: 他花钱太厉害，过度的开销使他背上了债务。

44. The doctor removed the contents of her stomach with a stomach pump. 医生用胃泵清除掉她胃里的东西。 We took turns pumping out the boat. 我们轮流用泵把船里的水抽干。 pump n. vt. [C] a machine or device for forcing water or gas, out of or through sth. cause air, etc. to move in a specified direction by using a pump 心脏使血液在身体内循环。 FOR EXAMPLE: The heart pumps the blood round the body. Now you try:

45. They attributed their success to their teacher’s encouragement. 他们把成功归因于老师的鼓励。 1,150 deaths a year can be attributed to drunk driving. 每年有 1,150 人死于酒后驾驶。 (to)say that a situation or event is caused by sth. We attribute our success to being in the right place at the right time. FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: attribute vt. 我们把成功归因于天时地利。

46. exterior n. a. [C] an external appearance, outside on or coming from the outside 房子外面需要粉刷。 FOR EXAMPLE: He is a gentle man with a rough exterior. 他是一个外表粗鲁但性情温和的男人。 In some of the villages the exterior walls of the houses are painted pink. 有一些村庄的外墙刷成了粉红色。 The exterior of the house needs painting. Now you try:

47. Many nations send delegates to the United States. 许 多国家向联合国派驻代表。 He delegated his responsibilities to an assistant. 他委 托一名助手代施其责。 delegate v. n. give (part of one’s rights, etc.) to sb. else for a certain time sb. who has been elected or chosen to speak for a group 你不能什么事都一个人做，你得学会委托权限。 FOR EXAMPLE: You can’t do all the jobs yourself—you must learn to delegate. Now you try:

48. How can we stop the unending cycle of violence? 我们如何才能结束这种无休止的暴力事件？ He cycles to the metro station every day. 他每天骑车去地铁站。 cycle n. vi. 1) a number of events happening in a regularly repeated order 2) [C] a bicycle, motorcycle ride a bicycle, etc. 一年春夏秋冬四季为一个循环。 FOR EXAMPLE: The seasons of the year, spring, summer, autumn, winter make a cycle. Now you try:

49. “…they have no compass in life. And they give the same emphasis to a traffic jam that they give a family argument,” … (Para. 10) Meaning: These people have no way to know the right direction they should follow in life. And they get equally angry about a traffic jam and about a family quarrel. “Compass” refers to a device used to find direction. In this sentence “compass” is used in its figurative sense.

50. recommend vt. 1) suggest, advise 2) praise sth. or sb. as suitable for a purpose or for a post FOR EXAMPLE: If it is followed directly by a verb, the verb should be in the -ing form. e.g. I wouldn’t recommend reading in this light; it may affect your eyes. 我不赞成在这样的光线下读书，这会损伤你的眼睛。 Can you recommend me a good hotel in the city? 你能给我介绍一家城里的好旅馆吗 ? They recommend her for the job. 他们推荐她做这项工作。 continue

51. recommend vt. 1) suggest, advise 2) praise sth. or sb. as suitable for a purpose or for a post 医生建议她换换气候环境以便恢复健康。 The doctor recommended a change of climate for her health. Now you try: e.g. I recommend that he (should) try the new medicine. 我建议他试试这种新药。 If it is followed by a “that-clause”, the verb in the “that- clause” should be used in its base form or used together with the modal auxiliary “should”.

52. He substituted for the worker who was ill. 他代替那个生病的工人。 Water isn ’ t a proper substitute for wine. 水不是酒的恰当替代品。 substitute v. n. (for) replace (with) a person or thing acting or used in place of another 他们用红色球代替蓝色球，看看婴儿是否注意到了。 FOR EXAMPLE: They substituted red balls for blue, to see if the baby would notice. Now you try:

53. She was stimulated into new efforts. 她受到了鼓励，正在做出新的努力。 Success will stimulate a person into further efforts. 。 Success will stimulate a person into further efforts. 成功会激励人不断努力。 make sb./sth. more active 这书试图激起人们对全球变暖问题的讨论。 FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: stimulate vt. The book was trying to stimulate discussion of the problem of global warming.

54. Your article is too long. Please cut it down to 1,000 words. 你的文章太长了，请压缩至 1,000 个词 。 reduce, make less in number or amount 如果不能完全戒烟，至少要少抽点。 FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: If you can’t give up smoking completely, at least try to cut down. cut down

55. What are your priorities in this matter? 在这件事中你优先考虑的是什么？ Her first priority is finishing college. 她的首要任务是读完大学。 priority n. 1) [C] sth. that needs attention, consideration, service, etc. before others 2) [U] the state or right of coming before others in position or time 我们的订票制度是优先照顾俱乐部的成员。 FOR EXAMPLE: We have a priority booking system for members of the club. Now you try:

56. My viewpoint differs from yours completely. 我的观点和你的完全不一样。 Everyone will have a chance to make his/her viewpoint known. 每个人都将有机会发表自己的观点。 a particular way of thinking about a problem or subject 我们应该以务实的态度来解决这一问题。 FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: We’re supposed to solve the problem from a practical viewpoint. viewpoint n.

57. Our deadline was only two days away. Our deadline was only two days away. 。 There’s no way I can meet that deadline. 离最后期限只有两天了。 There’s no way I can meet that deadline. 我无法在最后期限前完成。 a point in time by which sth. must be done 明天是交读书报告的最后期限。 FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: Tomorrow will be the deadline for handing in the book report. deadline n.

58. 1. be out of control Expressions 2. attribute to 3. together with 4. blow one ’ s top 5. have no compass in life 6. stir in one ’ s own juice 7. blow apart 8. be on one ’ s trail 9. cut down 10. set one ’ s priorities 11. keep sth. in mind

59. 1. object/predictive + does/is + subject Patterns 2. among other things 3. on the exterior … on the interior 4. give the same emphasis to … that … 5. the key to … is to

60.  1. 失控，不受约束 be out of control (L.1)  飞机失去了控制，坠毁了 。 The airplane was out of control and crashed. 活学活用 Expressions & Patterns —Expressions

61.  2. 归因于 活学活用 attribute to （ L.16) attribute to （ L.16)  专家把今冬频繁的沙尘暴 归因于水土流失和过度伐木。 Experts attributed the frequent sandstorms this winter to erosion and deforestation.

62.  3. 和 ······ 一起 活学活用 together with (L.22)  这位明星拍照时，与她在一起的 有一头大象，一只老虎，一只猴子 和一只豹子。 The movie star took her picture, together with an elephant, a tiger, a monkey and a leopard.

63.  4. 大发雷霆 活学活用 blow one ’ s top (L.31)   当谈话第三次被电话铃打断时， 他大发雷霆。 He blew his top when the conversation was interrupted by telephone for the third time.

64.  5. 生活没有目标 活学活用 have no compass in life (L.32)  生活没有目标的人是不可能成功的。 It is impossible for someone who has no compass in life to achieve success.

65.  6. 受煎熬 活学活用 (L.34) stir in one ’ s own juice (L.34)   他为自己的过失而受煎熬。 He stirred in his own juice because of the mistake he made.

66.  7. 爆炸 活学活用 (L.37) blow apart (L.37)  他是如此生气以至于他觉得自己都 要爆炸了。 He was so angry that he felt he was going to blow apart.

67.  8. 在 ······ 路上 活学活用 (L.44) be on one ’ s trail (L.44)   在人生的路上行走时不要忘记 时不时停下来看看风景 。 Remember to enjoy from time to time the view along when you are walking on your trail of life.

68.  9. ······  9. 减少 ······ 的数量 活学活用 (L.49) cut down (L.49)  我们必须要削减开支，因为收入减 少了。 We have to cut down expenses, since our income decreases.

69.   10. 确定优先权 活学活用 (L.49) set one ’ s priorities (L.49)  首先我们最好先确定我们这一学 期优先要做的事。 First we ’ d better set our priorities of this semester.

70.   11. 记住 活学活用 (L.54) keep sth. in mind (L.54)  记住好心情、有规律锻炼和恰 当饮食对身体有好处。 Please keep in mind that a good mood, regular exercises and a proper diet will contribute to good health.

71.  So says Dr. Robert S. Eliot, author of a new book titled From Stress to Strength. (L.5) 1. object/predictive + does/is + subject Expressions & Patterns —Patterns Inverted order is to keep the sentence in balance and also to achieve end-focus and end-weight. Those who achieved success after long and hard work are happy indeed. Those who achieved success after long and hard work are happy indeed. Happy indeed are those who achieved success after long and hard work. Happy indeed are those who achieved success after long and hard work. Compare the following pair of sentences:

72.  更为重要的问题是：孩子们应该受到与他们年龄相当 的教育。 Translation More important is the issue that the kids should receive education suitable to their age. _______________; we must take immediate action to stop them. 情况就是这样，我们必须立即采取措施阻止他们。 Such is the case

73.   Stressed people have higher cholesterol levels, among other things. (L.11) 会上他们讨论了有关东欧最近发生的事情 和其他一些事情。  At the meeting they discussed, among other things, recent events in Eastern Europe. 2. among other things, sb. does/is...

74.   要想保持健康，除了其他方面， 饮食和锻炼至关重要。 Translation Among other things, diet and exercises are of vital importance to health. She is very keen on sport: _________________ she plays tennis twice a week. 她非常喜欢体育运动：除其他活动外，她每星期打两次网球。 among other things

75.   On the exterior, he was cool, calm and collected, but on the interior, stress was killing him. (L.17)  表面上看，公司运营不错，但是实际上已经陷入困境。 ， the company runs smoothly, but, it has run into difficulties.  表面上看这所房子很不起眼，但内部却很现代化。 On the exterior, the house is very unattractive but on the interior, it is quite modern. 3. on the exterior … on the interior Translation On the exterior on the interior

76. 我们应该像重视工作一样重视休闲。 We should ________________________leisure activities that we give work.   And they give the same emphasis to a traffic jam that they give a family argument. (L.32) give the same emphasis to 4. give the same emphasis to … that Translation 我们应该像重视智力一样重视勤奋。 We should give the same emphasis to diligence that we give intelligence. “ That ” in the sentence pattern actually introduces an attributive clause defining “ the same emphasis ”.

77.  … the other key to controlling stress is to “ realize that there are other …” (L.56) The key to The key to 减轻压力的关键之一是会打理自己的生活。 The key to lightening your load is to take charge of your life. 5. the key to … is to 我们企业成功的关键在于提高生产力。 _________ _________ the success of our company is to improve productivity. Translation

78. A fter-reading A ctivities

79. Further Discussion Exercises to Passage A Summary of the Text After-reading Activities

80. Summarize the passage using the tips below. After-reading Activities —— Summary of the Text 1. frequent anger and overwhelming stress 2. take charge of your life 3. tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure 4. crazy heart rhythms 5. FUD factors—fear, uncertainty and doubt 6. the root of their stress 7. a feeling that everything must be perfect 8. a lack of compass in life 9. the NICE factors—new, interesting, challenging experiences 10. set your priorities in your life 11. flow rather than fight or flee

81. Summary Frequent anger and overwhelming stress may be harmful to your health. To solve this problem, you have to learn to take charge of your life and recognize there are many things beyond your control. For those who are “hot reactors”, being tense may cause tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure. Researchers have also found that excess alarm or stress chemicals can literally burst heart muscle fibers, causing crazy heart rhythms.

82. Summary The main predictors of destructive levels of stress are the FUD factors—fear, uncertainty and doubt—together with perceived lack of control. For many people, the root of their stress is anger, which either comes from a feeling that everything must be perfect (especially professional women) or is caused by a lack of compass in life. The NICE factors—new, interesting, challeng- ing experiences—are recommended to calm yourself down. You have to set your priorities in your life and change them if necessary. In order to face all the problems beyond your control, you have to learn how to flow rather than fight or flee.

83. 1. Work in groups and discuss the following questions with your group, using as many words and with your group, using as many words and expressions you learned from the text as possible. expressions you learned from the text as possible. 1) What do you need to do in order to avoid breaking your own heart? 2) For many people, what is the root of their stress? 3) How can you take charge of your life? 4) How can you decide what parts of your life you can control? After-reading Activities — Further Discussion

84. 2. Work in pairs, and comment on the following statements. 1) They are angry because they have no compass in life. 1) They are angry because they have no compass in life. 2) If there is one word that should be substituted for stress, it’s control. 2) If there is one word that should be substituted for stress, it’s control. 3) Good enough is never good enough, and 3) Good enough is never good enough, and perfectionists cannot delegate. perfectionists cannot delegate.

85. 3. Prepare a three-minute speech about ： about ： How to Lighten Up and Live Longer and Live Longer

86. After-reading Activities — Exercises to Passage A Ex. II. Answer the following questions. Ex. III. Complete the following sentences with the help of the first letter(s). Fill each blank with one word only. Ex. IV. Replace the underlined words or expressions in the following sentences with words or expressions from the text that best keep the original meaning. Ex. VII. Study the model and rewrite the following sentences, applying the principle of end-weight. Ex. VIII. Combine the following sentences using the structure the more…the more. Ex. IX. Translate the following sentences into English. Comprehension of the Text Vocabulary Structure Translation

87. 1. According to Dr. Robert S. Eliot, what should you do if you don ’ t want to break your heart? 2. For those who are called “ hot reactors ”, what may be the result of being tense? You should learn to take charge of your lives and recognize there are many things beyond your control. Being tense may cause tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure. Comprehension of the Text Ex. II. Answer the following questions.

88. 3. According to Eliot, what did researchers find through years of work? They find that excess alarm or stress chemicals can literally burst heart muscle fibers, creating many short circuits and causing crazy heart rhythms. 4. What main factors, according to Eliot, cause harmful levels of stress? Fear, uncertainty and doubt, together with the lack of control.

89. 5. What kinds of people does the author mention to illustrate “ the root of their stress is anger ” ? One kind is professional women, the other kind is people who have no “compass in life”. 6. What new factors does Eliot recommend in order to calm yourselves down? The NICE factors—new, interesting, challenging experiences.

90. 7. What does the example of Ben Franklin show? 8. From Eliot ’ s viewpoint, how do we face all the problems and difficulties in our daily lives? The example shows that you can’t fulfill all your great ambitions, so you have to set your priorities. We can’t complain or escape. We have to learn how to deal with them.

91. 1. The doctor re that he should stay a few more days in the hospital. 2. She at her broken marriage to her husband ’ s short temper. 3. You must think and act in of others; do not rely on their opinions or judgments. 4. Each club de one member to attend the state meeting last week. Vocabulary Ex. III. Complete the following sentences with the help of the first letter(s). Fill each blank with one word only. recommends attributed independently delegated

92. 5. They got into an ar about whether to stay at home or to go to the seaside for the holiday. 6. He f away at the first sight of danger. 7. This is an important matter, so we must give it p over all other business. 8. Being short of money is a bit tr but we ’ ll do what we can. argument fled priority troublesome

93. 1. The boss would explode with anger when he finds the company is in a mess, totally out of control and order. 2. Moreover, we were very interested to hear what had happened to our house. Vocabulary Ex. IV. Replace the underlined words or expressions in the following sentences with words or expressions from the text that best keep the original meaning. blow his top Among other things

94. 3. Who is to take control of the company ’ s business when the boss is away? 4. She placed special importance on beginning work immediately. take charge of put emphasis on

95. 5. He talks to his best friends to let go of his anger. 6. A heavy rain may be bad in the opinion of tourists. find an outlet for from the viewpoint of

96. 7. To reduce my level of cholesterol, I replaced butter with olive oil in cooking. 8. She reduced the number of cigarettes that she smokes from 30 to 10 a day. substituted olive oil for butter cut down on

97. Model: Dr. Robert S. Eliot, author of a new book titled From Stress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life, says so. So says Dr. Robert S. Eliot, author of a new book titled From Stress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life. Structure Ex. VII. Study the model and rewrite the following sentences, applying the principle of end-weight.

98. 1. So the echo-sounding device, now in general use in ships, was born. 2. A period of revolutionary change from one to the other lies between the old and the new economic program. So was born the echo-sounding device, now in general use in ships. Between the old and the new economic program lies a period of revolutionary change from one to the other.

99. 3. Two plates, one made of clear glass and the other of ground glass, are at the end of a kaleidoscope. 4. The arrows, stones and hand bombs that were shot by the soldiers who hid themselves in the trees went off. At the end of a kaleidoscope are two plates, one made of clear glass and the other of ground glass. Off went the arrows, stones and hand bombs that were shot by the soldiers who hid themselves in the trees.

100. 5. Suddenly the students asked an embarrassing question, and then a complete and deathlike silence followed. Suddenly the student asked an embarrassing question, and then followed a complete and deathlike silence.

101. Model: People get hot, physiologically, with mental stress. They are likely to blow apart with some heart problem. The hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, the more likely they are to blow apart with some heart problem. Structure Ex. VIII. Combine the following sentences using the conjunction the more… the more.

102. I often practice. I play well. The more often I practice, the better I play. We got up high in the air. It became cold. The higher we got up in the air, the colder it became.

103. The steel contains much carbon ( 碳 ) and the cooling is quick. The steel becomes hard. The more carbon the steel contains and the quicker the cooling is, the harder the steel becomes.

104. The girls liked the moving story. It made them cry. The more the girls liked the moving story, the more it made them cry. He eats much. He becomes fat. The more he eats, the fatter he becomes.

105. 1. 医生建议说, 有压力的人要学会做一些新鲜有趣、 富有挑战性的事情, 来发泄负面情绪。 The doctor recommends that those stressed people should try some new, interesting and challenging things in order to give their negative feelings an outlet. Translation Ex. IX. Translate the following sentences into English. give…an outlet recommends

106. 2. 那个学生的成绩差，老师给他布置了更多的作业， 而不是减少作业量。 The teacher gives more homework to the students who has bad grades, instead of allowing him to cut that down. have bad grades cut…down

107. 3. 尽管我已经把许多任务分派给其他人去做，我依 然担心这项计划无法赶在 4 月 1 日截止期前完成。 Although I’ve delegated many tasks to other people, I’m still afraid that I won’t be able to finish the plan before the April 1 deadline. deadline

108. 4. 从医生的角度看，脾气越急躁的人越易于失控。 因此他们往往容易患心脏病。 From a doctor’s viewpoint, the hotter- tempered people get, the more likely they are to lose control. Consequently, they tend to suffer from heart diseases. From a doctor’s viewpoint

109. 5. 教师首先要考虑的事情之一是唤起学生的兴趣， 激发他们的创造性。 A teacher’s priorities include exciting students’ interests and stimulating their creativity. priorities excite

110. 词义的引申 Translation

111. 英译汉时，有时会遇到某些词在英语 词典上找不到适当的词义，如果任意 硬套或逐词死译，会使译文生硬晦涩， 不能确切表达意愿，甚至造成误解。 这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从 该词的根本含义出发，进一步加以引 申，选择比较恰当的汉语来表达。 Translation Introduction

112. 将词义作抽象化的引申  将表示具体形象的词语译成该形象所代表 的属性的 词。 e.g. Every life has its roses and thorns.. 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。 There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in his nature. 他的本性既残暴又狡猾。

113.  将带有特征性形象词语译成该形象所代表的概念 的词语。 e.g. Seesawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct. 在那以后的四个星期内， 消息时而部分有所好转， 时而又有点不妙，两种 情况交替不断地出现， 一直没有明朗化。

114. e.g. We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street. 我们坚持主张国 际贸易不应是有 来无往。

115. 将词义作具体化的引申  英语中有些用来代表抽象概念或属性的词语也可 以表示一种具体事物，译成汉语时一般可作具 体化引申。 e.g. Rose’s Restaurant had become an institution in his life in the last seven years. 去罗斯的餐厅就餐，七 年来已成了他生活中惯 常的事情。

116. e.g. The trunk was big and awkward and loaded with books. But his case was a different proposition. 那个箱子又大又笨重， 装的全是书；不过他 随身携带的箱子却是 另一回事。

117.  英语中有些词语在特定的上下文中，其含义是 清楚的，但译成汉语时还必须作具体化的引申， 否则就不够清楚。 25 岁时，他平生 第一次尝到了做 教师的滋味。 e.g. At twenty-five, he first learned what it was to be a teacher.

119. 1.On the exterior, he was cool, calm and collected, but on the interior, stress was killing him. 表面上，他显得沉 着、冷静和泰然自 若，但他内心深处 的压力使他筋疲力 尽。

120. 2. If you own anger for more than five minutes—if you stir in your own juice with no safety outlet—you have to find out where it’s coming from. 如果你生气超过 5 分钟 —— 如果你生闷气，没有安全的 发泄渠道的话 —— 你就必须 弄清你生气源自何处。

121. 此时就会发生这种情况 —— 人们由于 心理上的压力在生理上变得越发激动， 他们的身体就可能因为某种心脏病而 垮下来。 3. What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, the more likely they are to blow apart with some heart problem.

122. 4. Stop where you are on your trail and say, “I’m going to get my compass out and find out what I need to do.” 在你人生道路上停下来，对自己说： “ 我要 把指南针拿出来，弄明白自己需要什么。 ”

123. 请记住：随着时间的推移，优先考虑做的 事会因时而变。 5. Keep in mind that over time these priorities are going to change.

124. A way to develop a paragraph: cause and effect Writing

125. INTRODUCTION In our daily conversation, questions with why are often asked and answered. This shows that causal analysis is very common. Similarly, it is also frequently used in writing. Paragraphs 8 － 10 of section A is an example of this method.

126. Topic: Reason 1: Reason 2: Where is the anger coming from? Anger comes from a feeling that everything must be perfect. Others are angry because they have no compass in life. For details For details For details For details

127. There are two basic ways of organizing paragraphs of cause-effect framework. effect cause This may begin with the effects and move toward the examination of causes. This may present the causes first and move toward the effects. cause effect

128. effect cause In the past few years, higher education has become less important to young people than it was previously. the pressure of fierce competition better opportunities in the job market much of the knowledge taught in universities and colleges being out- dated Example topic sentence (effect) supporting details (causes)

129. cause effect Example topic sentence (cause) supporting details (effect) more and more fertile land in China is taken up by new buildings the reduction of the grain output increasing environmental problems too many peasants moving into the cities

130. Commonly used words and expressions for effect: The effect is evident/obvious… It will exert a profound influence… It may cause a sweeping change… It leaves some serious consequences… It may give rise to a host of problems… The immediate result it produces is...

131. Develop one of the following topic sentences by supporting it with cause or effect. 1. Now there’s a large gap between rich and poor in China. 2. If people eat too much sugar, the effect is obvious.

132. Now there’s a large gap between rich and poor in China. The cause lies in three aspects. First the gap is the result of the economic reform. Some become millionaires by working hard and seizing the opportunities. Meanwhile the slow development in agriculture and the closedown of many state-owned enterprises hinder the farmers and workers from greatly raising their living standards. Second, the current distribution of income is not scientific enough, thus widening the income difference. Third, while most make money honestly, there are some dishonest businessmen and government agents who have accumulated large fortunes through illegal ways. Sample

133. This paragraph is developed by exploring the causes of an effect. The first sentence states a phenomenon: “Now there’s a large gap between rich and poor in China.” Then the writer develops it with three causes: economic reform, current distribution of income, and illegal means of making money. Comments

135. For many people, the root of their stress is anger, and the trick is to find out where the anger is coming from. “ Does the anger come from a feeling that everything must be perfect?” Eliot asks. “That’s very common in professional women. They feel they have to be all things to all people and do it all perfectly. They think, ‘I should, I must, I have to.’ Good enough is never good enough. Perfectionists cannot delegate. They get angry that they have to carry it all, and they blow their tops. Then they feel guilty and they start the whole cycle over again.” Back

136. “Others are angry because they have no compass in life. And they give the same emphasis to a traffic jam that they give a family argument,” he says. “If you own anger for more than five minutes — if you stir in your own juice with no safety outlet — you have to find out where it’s coming from.” Back