1. Agenda Standard Macromolecules Graphic Organizer
Independent
Group
Macromolecule Activity

2. Standard
SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.
c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids).

3. Macromolecules
You will work on filling out information for each of the macromolecules on your own.
Spend about 20 minutes filling it out on your on, see pages (READ )
We will then go over them together to make sure you’ve got it all.

4. Introduction All compounds can be classified into 2 broad categoriges:
Organic compounds – contain carbon and hydrogen atoms
Inorganic compounds – can have carbon or hydrogen, but not both

5. Macromolecules Most of your body’s molecules are organic compounds
Macromolecules are built from small organic compounds the same way a railroad train is built, by linking a lot of smaller units together into long chains
Large carbon compounds are built up from smaller simpler molecules called monomers (mono = one)
Monomers can bind to one another to form complex molecules known as polymers (poly = many)
A polymer consists of repeated, linked units, which can also bind forming large polymers called macromolecules (macro = large)

6. Macromolecules
Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction called condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis.  During the formation of polymers, Water (H2O), is released or is by-product of the reaction.
The breakdown of some complex molecules, such as polymers, occurs through a process known as hydrolysis.
Hydrolysis is the reverse of a condensation reaction.  The addition of water, to some polymers can break the bonds that hold them together.

7. Carbohydrates Made up of C, H, and O. Monomer: saccharides
Disaccharides are made up of two saccharides, polysaccharides are made up of more than two.
Functions:
Energy storage
Structural components of cells
Cell recognition

9. Lipids Made up of C, H, O, and P Monomer: fatty acids
Can be fats, waxes, or steroids
Triglycerides are common lipids made up of glycerol linked to three fatty acid chains in the shape of an “E”
Functions:
Energy storage
Membrane structure
Water barrier
Hormones

11. Proteins Made up of C, H, N, O, P, and S Monomer: amino acid
Functions:
Catalyze reactions (enzymes)
Cell signaling and communication
Transportation
Structure

13. Nucleic Acids Made up of C, H, N, O, and P.
Monomer: Nucleotide (nitrogen base + phosphate group + pentose sugar)
Functions:
Store and transmit hereditary information
Energy carriers