9. What Is a Stroke? Stroke is the blocking or bursting of a blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain. During a stroke a portion of the brain does not receive an adequate supply of oxygenated blood and damage occurs.

12. Types of stroke 1.Ischemic stroke 2. Hemorrhagic stroke 3. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

15. Warning signs Sudden numbness or weakness of the body, especially on one side. Sudden vision changes in one or both eyes. Sudden, severe headache with unknown cause. Sudden problems with dizziness, walking, or balance. Sudden confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding others.

17. Signs and symptoms  headache  syncope (fainting)  altered mental status  numbness or paralysis  difficulty with speech or vision  confusion, dizziness  seizures (convulsions)  unequal pupils  altered breathing patterns  rapid or slow pulse  nausea, vomiting  loss of strength, usually to one side of the body  loss of bowel and bladder control  hypertension

19. Ischemic Stroke  the most common type of stroke  blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel  the clot may develop on the spot or travel through the blood from elsewhere in the body

21. Hemorrhagic Stroke  less common but far more likely to be fatal  accounts for 10% to 20% of all strokes  they occur when a weakened blood vessel in the brain bursts  the result is bleeding inside the brain that can be difficult to stop

23. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)  often called a "mini-stroke"  is a warning sign that a stroke may happen soon  blood flow is temporarily impaired to part of the brain  causes symptoms similar to an actual stroke

25. Treatment (prehospital ) Perform scene size-up Maintain an open airway Keep the patient calm Monitor vital signs Give nothing by mouth Provide care for shock Place patient into the recovery position on affected side Administer oxygen

28. Stroke Test – F.A.S.T. Face. Ask for a smile. Does one side droop? Normal: Both sides of face move equally Abnormal: One side of face does not move at all Arms. When raised, does one side drift down? Normal: Both arms move equally or not at all Abnormal: One arm drifts compared to the other Speech. Can the person repeat a simple sentence? Does he or she have trouble or slur words? Normal: Patient uses correct words with no slurring Abnormal: Slurred or inappropriate words or mute Time. Time is critical. Call 911 immediately if any symptoms are present. Help!

29. Emergency Treatment (hospital) focuses on medicine to restore blood flow a clot-busting medication is highly effective hemorrhagic strokes are more difficult to manage Treatment usually involves attempting to control:  high blood pressure  bleeding  brain swelling

32. Diagnosing a Stroke  the first step is to determine which type of stroke is occurring  a CT scan can help doctors determine whether the symptoms are coming from a blocked blood vessel or a bleeding one  additional tests may also be used to find the location of a blood clot or bleeding within the brain

35. Risk Factors: Chronic Conditions High blood pressure High cholesterol Diabetes Obesity

39. Risk Factors: Behaviors Smoking Getting too little exercise Heavy use of alcohol

42. Risk Factors: Diet  a poor diet may increase the risk for stroke  eating too much fat and cholesterol can lead to arteries that get narrowed by plaque  too much salt may contribute to high blood pressure  too many calories can lead to obesity  a diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fish may help lower stroke risk

44. Risk Factors You Can't Control Age Gender Race Family history of strokes

46. Stroke Prevention: Medications  Anti-platelet medicines keep platelets in the blood from sticking together and forming clots (Aspirin)  Anti-clotting drugs may be needed to help ward off stroke in some patients (Warfarin)  Medications to lower high blood pressure

49. Stroke Prevention: Lifestyle Quit smoking. Exercise and maintain a healthy weight Limit alcohol and salt intake Eat a healthier diet with more veggies, fish, and whole grains