1. Ag. Day 3
List and describe the six main types of commercial agriculture found in MDC’s. Describe Von Thunen’s model of agriculture production. Malthus vs. Boserup.

2. Today’s Quiz
1. Are there still Hunter-Gatherers left on the Earth today? If so, where would they be?
2. Name one major difference between agriculture in MDC's and LDC's.
3. What is another name for Shifting Cultivation? What conditions would need to be present for this to be a sustainable activity?
4. Name one example of an extensive agricultural activity. Name one example of an intensive agricultural activity.
5. Name one plant that is an example of vegetative planting first seen in SouthEast Asia.
6. What is a "milkshed"?
7. What do you grow on "truck farm"?

3. Classifying Agricultural Regions
Commercial Agriculture
Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming
Dairy Farming
Grain Farming
Livestock Ranching
Mediterranean Agriculture
Truck Farming
North Dakota Potato and Wheat Fields

4. Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming
Where: Ohio to Dakotas, centered on Iowa; much of Europe from France to Russia
crops: corn (most common), soybeans
In U.S. 80% of product fed to pigs and cattle
Highly inefficient use of natural resources
Pounds of grain to make 1 lb. beef: 10
Gallons of water to make 1 1b wheat: 25
Gallons of water to make 1 1b. beef: 2500

5. Dairy Farming
Where: near urban areas in N.E. United States, Southeast Canada, N.W. Europe
Locational Theory: butter and cheese more common than milk with increasing distance from cities and in West.
milkshed: historically defined by spoilage threat; refrigerated trucks changed this.
Dairy Farm, Wisconsin

6. Grain Farming Where: worldwide, but U.S. and Russia predominant
Crops: wheat
winter wheat: Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma
spring wheat: Dakotas, Montana, southern Canada
Highly mechanized: combines, worth hundreds of thousands of dollars, migrate northward in U.S., following the harvest.

7. Livestock Ranching
Where: arid or semi-arid areas of western U.S., Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Spain and Portugal.
History: initially open range, now sedentary with transportation changes.
Environmental effects:
1) overgrazing has damaged much of the world’s arid grasslands (< 1% of U.S. remain!)
2) destruction of the rainforest is motivated by Brazilian desires for fashionable cattle ranches

8. Mediterranean Agriculture
Where: areas surrounding the Mediterranean, California, Oregon, Chile, South Africa, Australia
Climate has summer dry season. Landscape is mountainous.
crops: olives, grapes, nuts, fruits and vegetables; winter wheat
California: high quality land is being lost to suburbanization; initially offset by irrigation

9. Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming
Where: U.S. Southeast, New England, near cities around the world
crops: high profit vegetables and fruits demanded by wealthy urban populations: apples, asparagus, cherries, lettuce, tomatoes, etc.
mechanization: such truck farming is highly mechanized and labor costs are further reduced by the use of cheap immigrant (and illegal) labor.
distribution: situated near urban markets.

10. Theory of Land Use von Thunen’s rings: theory from 18th century
Intensive Commercial Ag
Inner rings – costly inputs for high market value or high yield (fruits, veggies, dairy)
Dairy and “truck” farms
Extensive Commercial Ag
Cheaper land = larger units = Outer rings
Large wheat farms and livestock ranching

11. Von ThÜnen Model (Rings)

13. Von Thunen is beginning of location economics and analysis (1826)

15. Relative Value per Acre
Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States.

17. Agricultural Regions of No. America
Figure 8.17

18. Resource Exploitation
Gathering or extracting
Fishing
Forestry
Mining
Renewable v.
Nonrenewable
What is the
Difference?

19. Fishing Reliance as a food source is greatest in PING countries.
80% of fish catch comes from continental shelf region of the oceans, open seas fishing is too expensive
Commercial fishing activity mostly a northern waters activity
Overfishing and pollution has endangered supply of traditional food species

20. Aquaculture
Fish Farming!
Aquaman!

21. Forestry Forests STILL cover about 30% of world’s land area
Forests are more restricted in area
Upper-middle latitudes of Northern Hemisphere
Equatorial zones of Southern and Central America, Central Africa, and Southeast Asia

22. N. Hemisphere Belt

23. The Tragedy of the Commons
How can student’s behavior eating lunch in the quad help us explain the concept of the “tragedy of the commons”?