1. Unit 07: Early Statehood

2. DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS OF MAJOR ERAS IN TEXAS HISTORY
Early Statehood – (1845)
Slave State
Mexican War
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Rio Grande River determined as border
Compromise of 1850
Manifest Destiny

3. WHY HISTORIANS DIVIDE THE PAST INTO ERAS
History is divided into eras so it is easier to identify cause and effect of the great events/people in history

4. CAUSES OF AND EVENTS LEADING TO TEXAS ANNEXATION
Texas independence
American Texans desired to become part of the United States.
United States’ desire for Manifest Destiny
The Republic’s financial problems
Sam Houston supported annexation.

5. CAUSES OF AND EVENTS LEADING TO TEXAS ANNEXATION
Early Statehood Concerns
Defining Texas Borders
Expanding Texas Population
Texas Annexation Delayed
Annexation might cause a war with Mexico
Texas as a slave state, which would switch the balance to southern slave states
Why Texans wanted Annexation
Annexation meant Texas debts would be paid

6. INDIVIDUALS, EVENTS, AND ISSUES DURING EARLY TEXAS STATEHOOD
U.S. – Mexican War
Cause – Mexico claimed the Nueces River as its border, and the United States/Texas claimed the Rio Grande.
The war began at Brownsville when a small battle breaks out, and American blood is shed.
Effect- Rio Grand becomes official border
Events that led to War
First- Shots fired by both sides north of Rio Grande
Second-The United States declares war on Mexico
Third- Thousands of Texans volunteer to serve during the war
Finally- General Zachary Taylor defeats Santa Anna

7. INDIVIDUALS, EVENTS, AND ISSUES DURING EARLY TEXAS STATEHOOD
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Ended the Mexican War
Mexican Cession – the Southwest is claimed by the United States.
Mexico accepts Texas as part of the United States, and the United States paid $15 million to Mexico.
The Rio Grande River is the border of Texas.

8. INDIVIDUALS, EVENTS, AND ISSUES DURING EARLY TEXAS STATEHOOD
Population Growth
Population doubled since annexation
Towns grew into cities – largest city was Galveston
Migration of Americans to Texas
Immigration of Europeans (e.g., Germans to the Hill Country)
Compromise of 1850
The Texas-New Mexico Boundary Act states that Texas would receive $10 million in return for giving up part of their western and northern territory, paying off Texas’ debt, and determining the western boundary of the state.
This agreement was intended to deal with the slavery issue. Did not abolish slavery!

9. EARLY STATEHOOD AND MEXICAN CESSION

10. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND PATTERNS IN TEXAS DURING THE 19th, 20th, AND 21st CENTURIES
Statehood
Where did European immigrants settle and why?
What proportion of Texans were slaveholders?
By 1850, the slave population in Texas had increased to 58,161; in 1860 there were 182,566 slaves, 30 percent of the total population. In 1860 almost 25 percent of all white families in Texas owned at least one slave. Texas ranked 10th in total slave population and 9th in percentage of slave population (30 percent of all residents)

11. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND PATTERNS IN TEXAS DURING THE 19th, 20th, AND 21st CENTURIES
Where were plantations located in Texas? SOUTH and EAST Texas
Durazno Plantation
Freeman Plantation
William Garrett Plantation
Hatfield Plantation
Liendo Plantation
Old Brulay Plantation
Col. Elijah Sterling Clack
Robertson Plantation
Varner-Hogg Plantation

12. Immigration into Texas
In 1860 foreign-born citizens of Texas numbered 43,422
Some 20,000 were from Germany
Living in Houston, Galviston, and San Antonio
Most German immigrants settled in central and South Texas
Houston and Galveston are located along the Gulf Coast of Texas