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Bat Occurrence and Habitat Selection on the Delmarva Peninsula Andrew McGowan.

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Presentation on theme: "Bat Occurrence and Habitat Selection on the Delmarva Peninsula Andrew McGowan."— Presentation transcript:

1 Bat Occurrence and Habitat Selection on the Delmarva Peninsula Andrew McGowan

2 Importance of Regional Bats Regulate Insect Populations – Forested ecosystems (Kalka et al. 2008) – Agricultural (Whitaker 1995; Boyes et al. 2011) http://askmax.countrymax.com/lawn_and_gardenDetail.php?Going-to-Bat-Against-Bugs-52

3 Emerging Threats White Nose Syndrome Wind Turbines http://caves.org/WNS/

4 White-Nose Syndrome (Pseudogymnoascus destructans) http://www.defendersblog.org/2010/10/halloween -isnt-as-scary-as-white-nose-syndrome/ https://www.whitenosesyndrome.org/sites/default/files/wns_map_05-07-14.jpg

5 A Cure? Rhodococcus rhodochrous (common in almost all soils) 75 cured bats re-released into wild

6 Wind Turbines Grodsky et al. 2011 By 2020 estimated 76,000 deaths per year in Mid Atlantic Highlands for just 3 species (Kunz et al. 2007) Horn et al. (2008) Journal of Wildlife Management 72:123–132

7 Proposed Wind Turbine Sites On/Near Delmarva

8 Limited Knowledge of Delmarva’s Bats Handful of studies on Peninsula Narrow in geographic or ecological scope

9 Goals of Study 1)Assess what species are present across the Peninsula o Full range of habitats o Between 38 th and 39 th parallel 2)Assess habitat preferences of these species

10 Driving Transects

11 Passive Monitoring Sites

12 Field Equipment

13 Human hearing: Sound frequencies 20 Hz – 20 kHz Bat echolocation: > 20 kHz (Ultrasonic) Basics of Bat Echolocation

14 Spectrogram of Bat Call Sequence

15 Spectrogram of Different Species

16 Species Known to Occur on Delmarva Red Bat www.nrri.umn.edu Big Brown Bat http://www.fcps.edu/islandcreekes/ecology/big_brown_bat.htm Silver-haired Bat www.ojibway.ca Hoary Bat www.nrri.umn.edu Tri-colored Bat www.pbase.com Myotis spp. cdn-3.itsnature.org Paradiso 1969; Fox 2007; Limpert et al. 2007; Johnson and Gates 2008; Wolcott and Vulinec 2012 Evening Bat www.projectnoah.or g

17 Observed Species Red Bat 815 www.nrri.umn.edu Big Brown Bat 879 http://www.fcps.edu/islandcreekes/ecology/big_brown_bat.htm Silver-haired Bat 542 www.ojibway.ca Hoary Bat 75 www.nrri.umn.edu Tri-colored Bat 31 www.pbase.com Myotis spp. 16 cdn-3.itsnature.org Evening Bat 586 www.projectnoah.or g

18 Observed Species Red Bat 815 www.nrri.umn.edu Big Brown Bat 879 http://www.fcps.edu/islandcreekes/ecology/big_brown_bat.htm Silver-haired Bat 542 www.ojibway.ca Hoary Bat 75 www.nrri.umn.edu Tri-colored Bat 31 www.pbase.com Myotis spp. 16 cdn-3.itsnature.org Evening Bat 586 www.projectnoah.or g

19 Coastal Bays Red Bat Big Brown Bat Silver-haired Bat Tri-colored Bat Evening Bat 1.08 calls per minute in Salisbury Area 1.09 calls per minute in Coastal Bays Watershed 1.84 calls per minute in Pocomoke Forest Area 1.91 calls per minute in Blackwater NWR

20 Predicted Habitat Associations closed open edge

21 Closed Foragers Myotis spp. Edge Foragers Red Bat Silver-haired Bat Big Brown Bat Evening Bat Tri-colored Bat Open Foragers Hoary Bat Farney and Fleharty 1969; Norberg and Rayner 1987

22 Closed Foragers Myotis spp. Edge Foragers Red Bat Silver-haired Bat Big Brown Bat Evening Bat Tri-colored Bat Open Foragers Hoary Bat Farney and Fleharty 1969; Norberg and Rayner 1987

23 ComparisonnEastern Red BatBig Brown BatEvening BatSilver-haired BatHoary Bat Forest edge1483.32 (12.73)***3.14 (6.87)***2.62 (4.94)***1.87 (4.06)0.14 (0.72) Open1320.97 (4.11)1.54 (5.33)0.86 (3.29)1.90 (3.64)0.39 (1.28)* Forest only a 645.87 (18.93)* b 3.28 (6.58)* b 3.90 (6.30)* b 1.50 (3.94)0.25 (1.02) Forest-open a 841.38 (2.52)3.03 (7.11)* c 1.65 (3.28)* c 2.15 (4.15)0.07 (0.30) Open only a 1320.97 (4.11)1.54 (5.33)0.86 (3.29)1.90 (3.64)0.39 (1.28) Mixed only406.65 (22.63)3.70 (7.79)4.62 (6.91)*1.32 (2.77)*0.40 (1.27) Pine only194.21 (10.89)2.89 (4.21)2.31 (4.71)0.94 (2.99)0.00 (0.00) Forest edge843.25 (61.53)*35.75 (36.38)**11.25 (12.44)**1.50 (1.29)*0.25 (0.50) Forest interior90.22 (0.66) 0.00 (0.00) Comparison of mean (SD) number of call sequences recorded for each species at sites with the indicated habitat variable on the local level. Asterisks represent a significant difference in median values (* = P < 0.05,** = P < 0.01, *** = P < 0.001), as assessed by either a Kruskal Wallis and one-tailed Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.05) or Multiple Comparison Kruskal Wallis test with a Bonferroni correction. Edge Open

24 ComparisonnEastern Red BatBig Brown BatEvening BatSilver-haired BatHoary Bat Forest edge1483.32 (12.73)***3.14 (6.87)***2.62 (4.94)***1.87 (4.06)0.14 (0.72) Open1320.97 (4.11)1.54 (5.33)0.86 (3.29)1.90 (3.64)0.39 (1.28)* Forest only a 645.87 (18.93)* b 3.28 (6.58)* b 3.90 (6.30)* b 1.50 (3.94)0.25 (1.02) Forest-open a 841.38 (2.52)3.03 (7.11)* c 1.65 (3.28)* c 2.15 (4.15)0.07 (0.30) Open only a 1320.97 (4.11)1.54 (5.33)0.86 (3.29)1.90 (3.64)0.39 (1.28) Mixed only406.65 (22.63)3.70 (7.79)4.62 (6.91)*1.32 (2.77)*0.40 (1.27) Pine only194.21 (10.89)2.89 (4.21)2.31 (4.71)0.94 (2.99)0.00 (0.00) Forest edge843.25 (61.53)*35.75 (36.38)**11.25 (12.44)**1.50 (1.29)*0.25 (0.50) Forest interior90.22 (0.66) 0.00 (0.00) Comparison of mean (SD) number of call sequences recorded for each species at sites with the indicated habitat variable on the local level. Asterisks represent a significant difference in median values (* = P < 0.05,** = P < 0.01, *** = P < 0.001), as assessed by either a Kruskal Wallis and one-tailed Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.05) or Multiple Comparison Kruskal Wallis test with a Bonferroni correction. Edge Open

25 ComparisonnEastern Red BatBig Brown BatEvening BatSilver-haired BatHoary Bat Forest edge1483.32 (12.73)***3.14 (6.87)***2.62 (4.94)***1.87 (4.06)0.14 (0.72) Open1320.97 (4.11)1.54 (5.33)0.86 (3.29)1.90 (3.64)0.39 (1.28)* Forest only a 645.87 (18.93)* b 3.28 (6.58)* b 3.90 (6.30)* b 1.50 (3.94)0.25 (1.02) Forest-open a 841.38 (2.52)3.03 (7.11)* c 1.65 (3.28)* c 2.15 (4.15)0.07 (0.30) Open only a 1320.97 (4.11)1.54 (5.33)0.86 (3.29)1.90 (3.64)0.39 (1.28) Mixed only406.65 (22.63)3.70 (7.79)4.62 (6.91)*1.32 (2.77)*0.40 (1.27) Pine only194.21 (10.89)2.89 (4.21)2.31 (4.71)0.94 (2.99)0.00 (0.00) Forest edge843.25 (61.53)*35.75 (36.38)**11.25 (12.44)**1.50 (1.29)*0.25 (0.50) Forest interior90.22 (0.66) 0.00 (0.00) Comparison of mean (SD) number of call sequences recorded for each species at sites with the indicated habitat variable on the local level. Asterisks represent a significant difference in median values (* = P < 0.05,** = P < 0.01, *** = P < 0.001), as assessed by either a Kruskal Wallis and one-tailed Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.05) or Multiple Comparison Kruskal Wallis test with a Bonferroni correction. Edge Open

26 Variable Eastern Red Bat Big Brown Bat Evening Bat Silver-haired Bat Hoary Bat Distance to tree edge-0.186***-0.192***-0.235***-0.0190.044 Distance to forest-0.169***-0.206***-0.199***-0.0060.072 Distance to mixed forest-0.147**-0.178***-0.159***-0.0420.018 Distance to pine forest-0.029-0.038-0.0670.0260.057 Distance to natural water bodies-0.024-0.073-0.030-0.0450.019 Distance to water-0.012-0.009-0.007-0.0130.040 Percent forest cover0.0660.0510.055-0.101*-0.096* Total forest edge0.026-0.0280.041-0.028-0.006 Percent agricultural land-0.186-0.192-0.235-0.001-0.013 Kendall’s Tau correlations between number of call sequences at each site for each species and distance to indicated habitat variable at the landscape level or amount of habitat variable within a 1 km radius. Asterisks represent significance (* = P < 0.05, ** = P < 0.01 *** = P < 0.001).

27 Variable Eastern Red Bat Big Brown Bat Evening Bat Silver-haired Bat Hoary Bat Distance to tree edge-0.186***-0.192***-0.235***-0.0190.044 Distance to forest-0.169***-0.206***-0.199***-0.0060.072 Distance to mixed forest-0.147**-0.178***-0.159***-0.0420.018 Distance to pine forest-0.029-0.038-0.0670.0260.057 Distance to natural water bodies-0.024-0.073-0.030-0.0450.019 Distance to water-0.012-0.009-0.007-0.0130.040 Percent forest cover0.0660.0510.055-0.101*-0.096* Total forest edge0.026-0.0280.041-0.028-0.006 Percent agricultural land-0.186-0.192-0.235-0.001-0.013 Kendall’s Tau correlations between number of call sequences at each site for each species and distance to indicated habitat variable at the landscape level or amount of habitat variable within a 1 km radius. Asterisks represent significance (* = P < 0.05, ** = P < 0.01 *** = P < 0.001).

28 Variable Eastern Red Bat Big Brown Bat Evening Bat Silver-haired Bat Hoary Bat Distance to tree edge-0.186***-0.192***-0.235***-0.0190.044 Distance to forest-0.169***-0.206***-0.199***-0.0060.072 Distance to mixed forest-0.147**-0.178***-0.159***-0.0420.018 Distance to pine forest-0.029-0.038-0.0670.0260.057 Distance to natural water bodies-0.024-0.073-0.030-0.0450.019 Distance to water-0.012-0.009-0.007-0.0130.040 Percent forest cover0.0660.0510.055-0.101*-0.096* Total forest edge0.026-0.0280.041-0.028-0.006 Percent agricultural land-0.186-0.192-0.235-0.001-0.013 Kendall’s Tau correlations between number of call sequences at each site for each species and distance to indicated habitat variable at the landscape level or amount of habitat variable within a 1 km radius. Asterisks represent significance (* = P < 0.05, ** = P < 0.01 *** = P < 0.001).

29 1)All species except for Myotis spp. and Tri-colored bats seem to be doing well on the peninsula 2)Red bat, Big Brown bat, and Evening bats followed predicted habitat associations based upon wing morphology 3)Silver-haired bats appear less specialized for edge habitat than expected 4)Hoary bats exhibited preference for open habitats as predicted 5)Forest interior habitat very unproductive for regional foraging bats Conclusions

30 o Radio tracking studies of Silver-haired bats o More fine scale analyses of edge and forest interior habitats (roosting requirements) o Continued efforts to sample Myotis and Tri-colored bats Future Directions

31 Acknowledgements Thanks to: Dr. Aaron Hogue Dr. Phillip Anderson Dr. Kevina Vulinec Undergraduates: E. Fare, A. Hollins, A. Davis, and C. Chikwere. Grant Funding: American Society of Mammalogists, Salisbury University Graduate Research and Presentation Grant Salisbury University Biological Sciences Department Land Organizations: US Fish and Wildlife Service, Maryland DNR, Eastern Shore Land Conservancy, Lower Shore Land Trust Eastern Shore Regional GIS Cooperative

32 Questions? msucares.com

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