1. IGCSE
Latin American Music

2. Latin Amerca
Mexico, Central America, Parts of the Caribbean, and South America
Influence from Europe (Spanish and Portugues), Africa, and Native cultures.
Most of this region is Spanish speaking, however some countries also speak Portugues, English, and French. Not all countries in the region are considered “Latin” (ex. Jamaica, Guyana).
You will not need to be able to identify which country a piece of music comes from in your exam.

3. Mariachi

4. Mariachi Vihuela Guitarron
Mariachi is a type of ensemble originating in Mexico.
Used in celebrations
Birthdays, holidays, weddings, funerals, etc.
Ensemble contains
Violins, trumpets, guitars, guitarron, vihuela,
Occasionally, other instruments may be used.
Article
Vihuela
Guitarron

5. Mariachi Listening – Link – Cielito Lindo
What is the time signature?
Which instruments are used?
Name the technique used in the violins at 0:38.
Name two things that change at this point.
What texture is this music?

6. Mariachi Listening 2 – Link – Jesusita en Chihuahua
What is the time signature?
What word would you use to describe the tempo?
What is the technique being used by the violins in the beginning?
How would you describe the relationship between the violins and trumpets in this song?
What is the texture?

7. Tango
Bitesize - Tango

8. Typical Instruments
Bandoneon
Violin
Guitar
Flute
Piano

9. Tango Dance music from Argentina and Uruguay.
Can be instrumental or have vocals.
Usually played on guitar, however an orquesta típica is often used.
String section – Violin, viola, cello
Banodeon section
Rhythm section – Piano, Double Bass
Examples : La Puñalada, La Espera, Tango Negro Trio
In 2/4 or 4/4 time.
Melodramatic
Syncopated rhythms

10. Tango Listening - Link What is the key signature?
What is the first instrument you hear?
What other instruments do you hear?
What type of voice is the singer?
Baritone
Bass
Tenor
Alto
Name 3 examples of why this example is typical of tango?

11. Andean Music

12. Andes Cultural influences from the Incas, Spain, Africa, Asia
The Andes Mountains begin in Venezuela and end on the Southern tip on Argentina. Within these mountains was the Incan empire which spanned from Ecuador to Bolivia. The Incas, along with Spanish settlers created a unique music known as “Andean”.
Cultural influences from the Incas, Spain, Africa, Asia

13. Andean Instruments Pan Flute / Panpipes (Zampoña)
Charango (small, double stringed guitar)
Cajon
Rain Stick
Chullus
Bombo Leguero (drum)
Other instruments such as violins, guitars, and brass may also be used.

14. Andean Music Elements Use of Pentatonic Scale
Traditional instruments are wood winds, percussion, and strings.
Huayno – tradtional Peruvian music, is the music typically heard from this region.
Emphasis on beat 1.
El Condor Pasa

15. Andean Listening - Link
What are the two instruments in the beginning?
How are they different from each other?
What is the texture?
What key is it in?
What instrument(s) enters at 1:21.

16. Andean Listening - Link
What is the texture?
How do you notate the rhythm in the charango?
What is the key signature?
What is the time signature?
What would you call the repeated rhythm in the background?
List 3 examples of why this music is typical of Latin American music.