1. Digital Graphics Vocabulary Texas State University CI5363 Florence Yang

2. Graphic File Formats Image Types - Graphics programs often produce their own file types, but any image can be saved or exported as a common, widely-usable file types. Image Types - Graphics programs often produce their own file types, but any image can be saved or exported as a common, widely-usable file types. Different graphic file formats employ varying compression schemes, and some are designed to work better than others for certain types of graphics. Different graphic file formats employ varying compression schemes, and some are designed to work better than others for certain types of graphics. BMP - Bitmap (file extension “.bmp”). is an image file format used to store bitmap digital images, especially on Microsoft Windows Paint. BMP - Bitmap (file extension “.bmp”). is an image file format used to store bitmap digital images, especially on Microsoft Windows Paint.

3. Graphic File Formats GIF - Graphics Interchange Format (file extension “.gif”). GIF files incorporate a compression scheme to keep file sizes at a minimum, and they are limited to 8-bit (256 or fewer colors) color palettes. GIF - Graphics Interchange Format (file extension “.gif”). GIF files incorporate a compression scheme to keep file sizes at a minimum, and they are limited to 8-bit (256 or fewer colors) color palettes. JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group (file extension “.jpg”). JPEG images are full-color images (24 bit, or "true color"). JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group (file extension “.jpg”). JPEG images are full-color images (24 bit, or "true color").

4. Graphic File Formats PNG- Portable Network Graphics (PNG) is a bitmapped image format that employs lossless data compression. It supports palette-based (palettes of 24-bit RGB colors), grayscale or RGB images. PNG files can be used for animations in Flash. PNG- Portable Network Graphics (PNG) is a bitmapped image format that employs lossless data compression. It supports palette-based (palettes of 24-bit RGB colors), grayscale or RGB images. PNG files can be used for animations in Flash. TIFF - Tagged Image File Format (file extension “.tif”). A type of image often used for print output. TIFF images have larger file sizes that GIF or JPEG images. TIFF - Tagged Image File Format (file extension “.tif”). A type of image often used for print output. TIFF images have larger file sizes that GIF or JPEG images. WMF - Windows Meta File (file extension “.wmf”). A type of image used for Windows clip art. WMF files are vector images and can be resized without losing quality. WMF - Windows Meta File (file extension “.wmf”). A type of image used for Windows clip art. WMF files are vector images and can be resized without losing quality.

5. Color Model CYMK - Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Key (Black). A subtractive color model, used in color printing, also used to describe the printing process itself. CYMK - Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Key (Black). A subtractive color model, used in color printing, also used to describe the printing process itself. RGB - Red, green, and blue. An additive color model uses in the sensing, representation, and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers. RGB - Red, green, and blue. An additive color model uses in the sensing, representation, and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers.

6. Color Model HSB color - Hue, Saturation, Brightness, the basic colors are created based on the amount of light (brightness) and the intensity of the color (saturation). Used in optical reproduction. HSB color - Hue, Saturation, Brightness, the basic colors are created based on the amount of light (brightness) and the intensity of the color (saturation). Used in optical reproduction. Hue - Hue is defined as the variation of the tint or shade of a color. Hue - Hue is defined as the variation of the tint or shade of a color. Saturation - The amount of a primary color applied on any specific area. Saturation - The amount of a primary color applied on any specific area. Brightness - The amount of light that a color allows to pass through, also called luminosity. Brightness - The amount of light that a color allows to pass through, also called luminosity.

7. Color Model Primary color - The sets of colors can be combined to make a useful range of colors. Primary color - The sets of colors can be combined to make a useful range of colors. Secondary color - Any color mixed from two primary colors. Secondary color - Any color mixed from two primary colors. Tertiary color - Any color mixed from a secondary and a primary color. Tertiary color - Any color mixed from a secondary and a primary color.

8. Color Model Analogous color – Colors next to each other on the color wheel. They usually match well and create serene and comfortable designs. Analogous color – Colors next to each other on the color wheel. They usually match well and create serene and comfortable designs. Complementary color- Two colors that are opposite on the color wheel. Complementary color- Two colors that are opposite on the color wheel.

9. Color Model If a color is made lighter by adding white, the result is called a tint. If a color is made lighter by adding white, the result is called a tint. If black is added, the darker version is called a shade. If black is added, the darker version is called a shade. If gray is added, the result is a different tone. If gray is added, the result is a different tone.

10. Information Units File size - The amount of memory used to store the file. For example, an image that has the file size of 570k uses 570 kilobytes of memory. File size - The amount of memory used to store the file. For example, an image that has the file size of 570k uses 570 kilobytes of memory. Bits - The smallest possible unit of information in any digital system expressed either as 0 or 1. (short for binary digit) Bits - The smallest possible unit of information in any digital system expressed either as 0 or 1. (short for binary digit) Bytes - A unit of binary information consisting of eight bits. One Byte represents one character or number. Bytes - A unit of binary information consisting of eight bits. One Byte represents one character or number.

11. Information Units Kilobyte (Kb) - A unit of digital information storage equal to either 1,024 bytes or 1,000 bytes Kilobyte (Kb) - A unit of digital information storage equal to either 1,024 bytes or 1,000 bytes Megabyte (Mb) - A unit of measurement for computer memory 1Megabyte = 1,048,576 bytes, or 1,024 Kb. Megabyte (Mb) - A unit of measurement for computer memory 1Megabyte = 1,048,576 bytes, or 1,024 Kb. Gigabytes (Gb) - A unit of measurement equal to 1,024 megabytes. Typically, a storage device capable of holding a gigabyte or more of information is a mass storage device. Gigabytes (Gb) - A unit of measurement equal to 1,024 megabytes. Typically, a storage device capable of holding a gigabyte or more of information is a mass storage device. Gb > Mb > Kb > Bytes > Bits Gb > Mb > Kb > Bytes > Bits

12. Graphics Vocabulary Aspect ratio – The ratio between the width and height of a film image. Aspect ratio – The ratio between the width and height of a film image. Two common video graphic aspect ratios are 4:3 (1.33:1), universal for standard-definition video formats, and 16:9 (1.78:1).In still camera photography, the most common aspect ratios are 4:3 and 3:2. Two common video graphic aspect ratios are 4:3 (1.33:1), universal for standard-definition video formats, and 16:9 (1.78:1).In still camera photography, the most common aspect ratios are 4:3 and 3:2.

13. Graphics Vocabulary Bit-mapped graphics - An image comprised of pixels, where the computer program must reproduce each pixel in the correct location and in the correct color and brightness to create a picture. Bit-mapped graphics - An image comprised of pixels, where the computer program must reproduce each pixel in the correct location and in the correct color and brightness to create a picture. Color Depth - The number of colors in an image, ranging from 2 to 16.7 million. The more colors in an image, the larger its file size. Color Depth - The number of colors in an image, ranging from 2 to 16.7 million. The more colors in an image, the larger its file size. Compression - Shrinking the size of an image file by lowering the resolution or decreasing the color depth. Compression - Shrinking the size of an image file by lowering the resolution or decreasing the color depth.

14. Graphics Vocabulary Ascender- The part of any letter that extends above the "x" height. An example is the top of the “S” and "h". Ascender- The part of any letter that extends above the "x" height. An example is the top of the “S” and "h". Descender- The part of any letter that drops below the baseline. An example is the bottom of a “p". Watch for decenders falling into the type ascenders on the next line below. Descender- The part of any letter that drops below the baseline. An example is the bottom of a “p". Watch for decenders falling into the type ascenders on the next line below.

15. Graphics Vocabulary Anchor point - In Photoshop, the small squares on a vector line path that can be grabbed and used to move the line or to change its direction. A vector line will have an anchor at each end. Anchor point - In Photoshop, the small squares on a vector line path that can be grabbed and used to move the line or to change its direction. A vector line will have an anchor at each end. Bezier curve – A mathematically defined curve made up of four points, two ends and two in between, which affect its shape. A mathematically defined curve made up of four points, two ends and two in between, which affect its shape.

16. Graphics Vocabulary Vector - A term given to a graphic drawing, specified as a color, start and end point, and applied to line segments, type and tints. Vector - A term given to a graphic drawing, specified as a color, start and end point, and applied to line segments, type and tints. Raster image - A collection of pixels or dots. A raster image of a line is stored in a bitmap that contains information about each pixel in the display. Raster image - A collection of pixels or dots. A raster image of a line is stored in a bitmap that contains information about each pixel in the display. *The image is retrieved from: http://www.edc.uri.edu/criticallands/raster.htmlhttp://www.edc.uri.edu/criticallands/raster.html

17. Graphics Vocabulary Drop Shadow - A graphic art effect designed to simulate the shadow cast by three dimensional shapes. Drop Shadow - A graphic art effect designed to simulate the shadow cast by three dimensional shapes. Dodge- A darkroom technique adapted to Photoshop wherein a select area of a photo is lightened. Dodge- A darkroom technique adapted to Photoshop wherein a select area of a photo is lightened. * The “Dodge” image is retrieved from: http://multimedia.journalism.berkeley.edu/tutorials/photo/photoshop/dodgeburnspot/ http://multimedia.journalism.berkeley.edu/tutorials/photo/photoshop/dodgeburnspot/

18. Graphics Vocabulary Gradient - A smooth spread between colors. Gradient - A smooth spread between colors. Grayscale - Commonly referred to as “black and white.” An output option for images in only shades of gray. Grayscale - Commonly referred to as “black and white.” An output option for images in only shades of gray. OriginalBlue GradientGrayscale

19. Graphics Vocabulary Kerning- The spacing between letters. Graphic designers often must adjust kerning because automatic word processors will give too much space between thin width letters (i, l, j) and not enough space between wide width letters (o, m, w, etc). Kerning- The spacing between letters. Graphic designers often must adjust kerning because automatic word processors will give too much space between thin width letters (i, l, j) and not enough space between wide width letters (o, m, w, etc). Example: She had a hard li fe. (the kerning between the i and the f needs to be adjusted) Example: She had a hard li fe. (the kerning between the i and the f needs to be adjusted) Layering - The process of placing one image on top of another and eliminating the lines underneath. Layering - The process of placing one image on top of another and eliminating the lines underneath.

20. Graphics Vocabulary Mask - A temporary stencil restricting the action of various functions to a selected area within the picture or page. Masks can be created by drawing points around an element or automatically by specific density or hue values. Mask - A temporary stencil restricting the action of various functions to a selected area within the picture or page. Masks can be created by drawing points around an element or automatically by specific density or hue values. Optimization – The application of various kinds of compression to an image to cause it to decrease in file size. Optimization – The application of various kinds of compression to an image to cause it to decrease in file size. Pixel - An individual dot of color in a digital image. Each pixel’s color and characteristics are stored as digital code. Pixel - An individual dot of color in a digital image. Each pixel’s color and characteristics are stored as digital code.

21. Graphics Vocabulary Rasterization - The task of taking an image described in a vector graphics format (shapes) and converting it into a raster image (pixels or dots) for output on a video display or printer, or for storage in a bitmap file format. Rasterization - The task of taking an image described in a vector graphics format (shapes) and converting it into a raster image (pixels or dots) for output on a video display or printer, or for storage in a bitmap file format. *The image is retrieved from: http://beeex.net/web-development/generators/web-based-rasterized-image-generatorhttp://beeex.net/web-development/generators/web-based-rasterized-image-generator

22. Graphics Vocabulary Resolution – The amount of clarity and detail shown in the image. Resolution can be measured in bitmap images by determining the amount of pixels (dots) per inch, also called DPI. Resolution – The amount of clarity and detail shown in the image. Resolution can be measured in bitmap images by determining the amount of pixels (dots) per inch, also called DPI. Solarization - A special effect to make color changes by reducing the number of available colors from 16 million to 10-100 in discrete steps. Solarization - A special effect to make color changes by reducing the number of available colors from 16 million to 10-100 in discrete steps. Slant - To incline an object, either horizontally, vertically, or both. Slant - To incline an object, either horizontally, vertically, or both. Smooth - To blur or defocus color or an element. Smooth - To blur or defocus color or an element.

23. Reference http://www.tigercolor.com/color-lab/color-theory/color-theory- intro.htm http://www.tigercolor.com/color-lab/color-theory/color-theory- intro.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page https://www.killeenisd.org/schools/high/harkerheights/ataylor2.html http://www.teamphotoshop.com http://webstyleguide.com/