1. Viruses- Are they alive? Acellular Can not metabolize Can’t grow or respond to environment Can’t reproduce without host Discovery- Wendell Stanley- tobacco mosaic virus

2. Virion- virus outside of cell Capsid-protein coat surrounding nucleic acid Genetic material- DNA or RNA –dsDNA- double stranded DNA –ssDNA- single stranded DNA –dsRNA- double stranded RNA –ssRNA- single stranded RNA Super small amount of genes Capsomeres- Surface proteins- only attach to particular host or even specific cells in the host

3. Enveloped virion Membrane acquired from its host cell during viral replication or release Composed of phospholipid bilayer & proteins- specific for host attachment

4. Bacteriophage Infects bacteria Replication- –2 cycles

5. Lytic Cycle-pg 390 (virulent-causes disease) 1.Attachment - the virus attaches itself to the host cell.Attachment 2.Injection - the virus inserts its genetic material into the host cell.Injection 3.Integration & Replication- the genetic material tells the cell what to do & the host cell builds parts of the virus.IntegrationReplication 4.Assembly - the cell assembles the replicated parts into new viruses.Assembly 5.Lysis - the cell breaks open and each replicated virus can now infect other cells.Lysis

6. Lysogenic Cycle- pg 392 (temperate- doesn’t kill right away) 1.Attachment 2.Injection 3.Integration- virus DNA becomes part of bacterial DNA- prophage 4.Replication- when host cell replicates its own DNA, virus DNA is also copied 5.Assembly 6.Trigger > Lytic Cycle can be caused by sunlight, radiation, chemicals

7. Virus Life Cycle http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/hiv-life- cycle?utm_source=BioInteractive+News& utm_campaign=8559c11a70- BioInteractive_News_Vol_309_15_2014&u tm_medium=email&utm_term=0_98b2f5c6 ba-8559c11a70-69298381http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/hiv-life- cycle?utm_source=BioInteractive+News& utm_campaign=8559c11a70- BioInteractive_News_Vol_309_15_2014&u tm_medium=email&utm_term=0_98b2f5c6 ba-8559c11a70-69298381

8. Animations www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVkCyU5aee Uwww.youtube.com/watch?v=wVkCyU5aee U http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_J9- xKitsd0&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_J9- xKitsd0&feature=related

9. Viroids Small, circular pieces of RNA that are infectious to plants Lack capsids May appear linear

10. Prions Not viruses because they lack nucleic acid Composed of single protein- PrP –All mammals contain a gene that codes for the a.a. sequence for cellular PrP Can re-fold into stable structures, changing shape & become harmful Excess PrP or mutations cause the prion PrP 40% of humans have PrP that can misfold