1. 1848: Another Wave of Rebellion I.Sources of Discontent a.Middle class wanted more power and protection of basic rights. b.Nationalists wanted to throw off foreign rule. II.Metternich Falls a.Revolt broke out in Vienna. b.Metternich tried to silence people, but he was forced to resign and flee. c.Revolution spread quickly. d.Hungarian nationalists, led by Louis Kossuth, demanded an independent government. e.Austrian government agreed to reform. f.Austrian forces imprisoned, executed, and forced the rebels into exile in Budapest

2. a.Uprising erupted in Italian states as people demanded change; they set up independent republics. b.They expelled the pope from Rome, and installed a nationalist government. c.Austrian troops annulled new government. d.French army put pope back in Rome. e.Local rulers in Naples annulled reforms. a.German students demanded national unity and liberal reforms. b.People struggled financially because of the potato famine. c.Workers destroyed machines that threatened their livelihood; peasants burned homes of wealthy landowners. d.The Prussian king agreed to a constitution written by an elected assembly. e.A year later, he dissolved the assembly, and issued his own constitution, keeping power in the hands of the upper classmen and himself. III. R evolutions in Italy IV. T urmoil in German States

3. Frankfurt Assembly a.German Delegates met throughout 1848 and debated on many topics. b.They offered Fredrick William IV of Prussia the crown of Germany; he rejected the offer. c.By 1849, the assembly was dissolved because of the threat of the Prussian Military. d.Reformers and workers with radical demands clashed. e.Many were killed and imprisoned; others fled to the United States.

4. What were the results of the 1848 revolutions?  Hundreds of people were killed; many more went to prison.  Thousands of Germans left their homes; most went to the United States.