1. The War for Europe and North Africa (Ch. 17, Sec. 2) - part 1

2. How did the US and Britain plan win back Europe? After Pearl Harbor, Germany tried to cut off 3,000 mile supply line from US to Europe using their submarines Roosevelt (US) & Churchill (Britain) devised a war plan to defeat Axis Powers Allies used convoy system (battleships-sonar and planes-radar) to escort ships across Atlantic By 1943, the US was building about 140 Liberty ships each month Allies planned all-out attack of France from across the British Channel

3. Why was the Battle of Stalingrad so important to the Allied effort? Allies needed to protect Stalingrad (major industrial city) & the oil fields in the Caucasus Mountains By end of Sept. 1942, Germany controlled most of Stalingrad (bombed out) But Winter set in & the Soviet army launched a counterattack (cut supply lines & trapped the Germans) Despite loss of 1 million Soviet men, the victory marked a turning point in the war

5. What happened in the fighting to liberate North Africa and defeat Italy? General Rommel and his Afrika Corps (tanks) had taken firm control of North Africa Under Eisenhower, the Allies were able to defeat Rommel & take North Africa In Italy, Allied troops took Sicily (Mussolini was arrested) & the Italian army gave up fighting However, Germany fought the Allies in a bloody battle at Anzio to hold control of Italy

6. The War for Europe and North Africa (Ch. 17, Sec. 2) - part 2

7. How did the Allies plan to take back control of France? The Allies decided on a massive land assault to take back France from German control Germany had controlled France since 1940, & had set up concrete fortifications along coast Germany knew an attack was coming, but did not know where the Allies would strike The Allies set up a huge dummy base that fooled the Germans & allowed surprise attack

8. How did the Allies finally liberate Europe from German control? The D-Day invasion included a large force of paratroopers landing behind enemy lines Then, a massive army attacked by crossing the English Channel & landing on France’s coast Omar Bradley’s men cleared a gap in the German defense, allowing the Allies to break out This allowed George Patton and his 3 rd Army to liberate Paris from the Germans

10. How did the Allies finally liberate Europe from German control? (cont’d) By Sept. 1944, France, Belgium, & Luxemburg were freed from German control Hitler attempted to divide the Allied forces at Battle of the Bulge (German tanks pushed into Allied territory) After heavy losses (600 tanks, 1,600 planes), the Germans were forced to retreat On May 8, 1945 the Germans surrendered & their death camps were discovered