1. MusicFX Joe McCarthy Intel Research, Seattle

2. Active Environments Most environments are passive -- deaf, dumb & blind -- unaware of their inhabitants and unable to assist them in a meaningful way. In contrast, an active environment is physical space senserespond appropriately peopleactivities a physical space that can sense and respond appropriately to the people and activities taking place within it.

3. MusicFX

4. The Irritations behind MusicFX UbiComp: technology in search of a problem? Music in a Fitness Center –Popular in the Complaint Department 25% of “feedback” focused on music –RSI: Repetitive Song Injury 3 stations played, 91 available (DMX) –Squeaky Wheels Vocal minority prevails over silent majority –Hangovers This morning’s music = last night’s music Inspiration

5. The MusicFX System Database of musical preferences –91 genres, 5-point scale Group Preference Arbitration algorithm –Group Preference Calculation –Candidate Identification –Weighted Random Selection operator Environmental Events (algorithm triggers)

6. An example iGenre PersonABCDE GP i Pr i 1Alternative Rock22022680.48 2Hottest Hits1120-2380.27 3New Music11100350.25 4Hot Country2000-2280.00 5Dance21 280.00 6World Beat011-2230.00 7Traditional Country100-2 170.00 850's Oldies000 140.00 9Heavy Metal -240.00 10Polka -2 20.00

7. Daily operation: Nov. 1997 – Dec. 2001 Poll results (after 6 weeks): +: increased variety, having some influence -: abrupt changes, occasional “bad” music The Success of MusicFX

8. MusicFX: Fun Facts Charts –Top 10, Bottom 13, Uncharted territory Human Nature –Average individual musical preferences –Individual Preference Filter: NOT –Interesting anecdotes

9. Top 10 Genres

10. Bottom 13 Genres

11. Other Unexperienced Genres

12. Average Individual Preferences

13. Effect of IPF on Candidate Set Size Individual Preference Filter

14. Veto power & IPF Uncommon variety The Polka incident The Chinese Music incident MusicFX Anecdotes

15. Optimizing (?) MusicFX Problem: starvation –Outliers may never hear their music Solution: market-based economy –Multi-agent system (Naghi Prasad) –Wealth is redistributed according to preferences Policy issue –Please most people all the time vs. Please all people some of the time

16. Market-Based MusicFX Three kinds of people in this world –Happy (+2, +1), indifferent (0), unhappy (-1, -2) Blessed are the Unhappy... –Happy people pay unhappy people –Eventually, unhappy people can afford their music Is this good? –Only [simulated] time will tell "I cannot give you the formula for success, but I can give you the formula for failure, which is: Try to please everybody.” -- Herbert B. Swope

17. 0 20 40 60 80 100 050100 %of members % of Satisfaction M AX -S AT E QUITABLE Max-SatEquitable% changeMax-SatEquitable% change 7000 5776-17.5%0.260.0194.2% Total SatisfactionGini Coefficient Results of Market-basedMusicFXSimulation Market Simulation

18. For more information Joe McCarthy –mccarthy@intel-research.net –seattleweb.intel-reseach.net/people/mccarthy Thanks! … Questions?