1. Fun With Thread Local Storage (part 3) Peter Ferrie Senior Anti-virus Researcher 2 July, 2008 1

2. You Can Call Me Al Thread Local Storage callbacks were discovered in 2000. However, widespread use didn’t occur until 2004. Now, it should be the first place to look for code, since it runs before the main entrypoint. And that can make all the difference… 2 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation

3. Empty! 3 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation Entry Point

4. Empty! 4 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation C3 RET

5. Empty! So the main file does nothing. If we assume that the structure is normal, then we could check the thread local storage table. Just in case. 5 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation

6. Empty! 6 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation TLS is present (size doesn’t matter)

7. Empty! 7 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation Callback pointerCallback array

8. Empty! So the search moves to the callbacks, of which there is only one, but it looks peculiar. It’s not a virtual address. 8 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation

9. The One and Only 9 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation

10. Imported TLS callbacks We know that the TLS callback array can be altered at runtime. We know that the TLS callbacks can point outside of the image. Now we are looking at a new way to achieve that. Imports are resolved before TLS callbacks are called. So TLS callbacks can be imported addresses! Let’s check the import table. 10 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation

11. The Search Goes On 11 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation TLS3.DLL

12. The Search Goes On 12 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation a

13. The Search Goes On So the search moves to TLS3.DLL, and the mysterious function called ‘a’. 13 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation

14. ‘A’ function 14 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation

15. The ‘Aha’ Moment So that’s how it’s done. If we let it run… 15 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation

16. Surprise! 16 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation

17. Not OK The code runs. 17 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation

18. Really Not OK Just a little something to add to the workload. 18 Peter Ferrie, Microsoft Corporation