1. THE DIENCEPHALON DIENCEPHALON
Inst. of Anatomy, 2nd Medical Faculty
R. Druga

2. THE DIENCEPHALON
EPITHALAMUS
THALAMUS
SUBTHALAMUS
HYPOTHALAMUS

4. AMPHIBIANS
MAMMALS

6. DIENCEPHALON – medial aspect
Mediální plocha

7. Dorsal aspect
Dorsální plocha

12. Internal capsule

13. THE THALAMUS (nuclei) Hlavní thalamická jádra
Anterior nuclei
Medial nuclei (mediodorsal nc.)
Lateral nuclei – dorsal tier (lateral dorsal nc., lateral posterior nc. ventral tier ( ventral anterior – VA, ventral lateral – VL, ventral posterolateral- VPL, ventral posteromedial – VPM, ventral intermediate - VIM,
Medial geniculate nc.,
Lateral geniculate nc.,
Intralaminar nuclei
Midline nuclei
Posterior nuclei (nuclei of pulvinar)
Reticular nucleus (inhibitory, GABAergic neurons)

21. Thalamic nuclei
Relay nuclei (relé jádra, přepojovací jádra) – MGN, LGN, VPL, VPM, VL, VA
Receives input predominantly from a single source
Processed information is sent to a localized region of cortex
Are modality specific
Specific nuclei (after stimulation sharply localized cortical response)

22. Association nuclei MD, LD, LP, Posterior ncc.,
Receives input from a number of structures or cortical areas
Sends fibers to the association cortical areas
Specific nuclei (after stimulation sharply localized response in the cortex)

31. HYPOTHALAMUS

39. Vasopresin (Antidiuretic h.), Oxytocin (uterus,ejection of milk)
Somatotropin, Prolactin, Folitropin, Lutropin, thyrotropin, ACTH

41. THE HYPOTHALAMUS Medial zone Tuberal region (middle reg.)
Lateral zone
No discrete nuclei
Regulation of food and water intake
Tuberal region (middle reg.)
VM – satiety center (lesion produces hyperphagia + obesity)
Arcuate nc. - delivers peptides to the portal vessels
Mamillary region (posterior reg.)
Posterior nc.- elevating of blood pressure, pupillary dilatation, body heat conservation
Mammillary ncc. – memory formation (fornix)
Medial zone
Well defined nuclei
Chiasmatic region (anterior region)
hormone release-
SO,PV)
Cardiovascular function (Ant.)
Circadian rhytms (SCH)
Body temperature (Preoptic nc.)