1. PISAM! and the Classification of Matter

2. Particle Theory of Matter
All matter is made of particles.
The particles in a given substance are identical.
There are spaces between the particles.
The particles attract one another.
The particles are moving (and when heat is added they move more).

3. Changes in State particles are very close strong attraction
vibration only back and forth
energy of motion is small compared to forces of attraction
particles are close
particles can slide past each other
energy of motion is small compared to forces of attraction
particles are very far apart
particles are moving rapidly
forces of attraction are almost zero compared to energy of motion

4. Changes in State melting sublimation freezing sublimation evaporation
condensation

5. Changes in State Initial State Final State Change of State
Heat added or removed
solid
liquid
melting
added
gas
sublimation
evaporation
freezing
removed
condensation

6. Classification of Matter
Pure Substances
Mixtures
All particles are the same
All particles are NOT the same
Compounds
Elements
Solutions
Heterogeneous
Mixtures
made of 2 or more
elements
can be broken
down chemically
-one phase
E.g. carbon dioxide,
sodium nitrate,
water (i.e. dihydrogen
monoxide)
simplest form
cannot be broken
down
-on the periodic table
-one phase
E.g. helium, carbon,
oxygen, mercury
looks like one
substance (i.e.
one phase)
E.g. kool aid
can see the parts
(i.e. more than
one phase)
E.g. soup, pizza,
oh henry

7. 1. Element
a pure substance that contains only one kind of atom
(H,O,F,Br,I,N,Cl; are found in pairs, i.e. H2)
2. Compound
a pure substance that includes two or more kinds of atoms stuck
together
one kind of molecule

8. 3. Heterogeneous mixture
a mixture where you can see the different compounds or
elements.
This is also known as a mechanical mixture. Example – vegetable
soup
4. Homogeneous mixture
mixture where you cannot see the different compounds or
elements
A solution is a homogeneous mixture. Example – chocolate milk

9. Solutions are made up of a solute and a solvent
solute – part that is dissolved
solvent – part that solute dissolves in
Example - when salt is added to water it will dissolve and form a solution of salt water.
salt - solute and water - solvent

10. Classification of Matter
How to figure out what’s what:
1. Is it on the Periodic Table? (element)
Does it have a chemical first and last name? (compound)
Does it have 2 components but one phase? (solution)
Does it have 2 components and 2 phases? (heterogeneous mixture)
Exceptions: water, sugar and salt are all compounds

11. HOMEWORK
Complete the page of particle diagrams