1. UNIT 2: Fluids & Viscosity
Grade 8 Science
Chapters 7, 8 and 9
Read the Unit introduction and classify some things as Fluids or Non-fluids (Smart Board vortex perhaps)
What is a simple test you could do to determine if a substance is a fluid or not?

2. CHAPTER 7 page 266 Viscosity describes a fluid’s resistance to flow
Introductory page. Glass solid, but melts and becomes fluid at about 1000°C. Not a liquid but a very viscous fluid that flows very slowly. It can be inflated or blown. It is also very sticky.
When considering page 268 about the flowing of cereal. Like sand, if poured the spaces between the sand grains grow and they can move around each other. Each grain of sand behaves as one particle in a liquid. The bulk of the sand behaves as a fluid, but each piece of sand still behaves as a solid.
* IF enough pressure is applied to a solid, the forces of attraction between particles can be forced to move past and around each other, and the solid can flow. EX: Stamped coin, glacier.
FLUIDITY IS A BEHAVIOUR NOT A PROPERTY! It is something that matter is made to do not a property like smell or colour.
ACTIVITY 7-1A: The starch is a long chain of sugars, moving it slowly allows the chains to flow past each other, moving it too fast entangles them much like untangling a mess of rope.
Newton developed properties of what he called an ideal liquid in the 1700’s, these are the Newtonian Fluids like water. Non-Newtonian fluids don’t follow these rules ex Ooze, Quicksand and ketchup (don’t smack the bottom!)

3. Section 7.1 Describing Fluids page 268
All Matter is made up of very tiny particles
2. All particles in a pure substance are the SAME but different from another substance
The Particle Theory of Matter
A Review Page 270

4. The Particle Theory Continued
3. There are s p a c e s between the particles 4. The particles are always moving. They move faster if they gain energy.
5. There are attractive forces between the particles. Some strong, others weak

5. 3 States of Matter A Review
Shape
Volume
Particle Arrangement
Particle Movement
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Always refer back to the PTM. Do the demonstration with the students acting as solids, liquids and gases.

6. State Shape Volume Particle Arrangement Particle Movement
Solid
Definite
Close
Vibrate
Liquid
Indefinite
Free Flowing
Gas
Far Apart
Random
ACTIVITY 7-1B Can Solids Flow?
Sand, if poured the spaces between the sand grains grow and they can move around each other. Each grain of sand behaves as one particle in a liquid. The bulk of the sand behaves as a fluid, but each piece of sand still behaves as a solid.
Ground solids will stay in a pile after being poured unlike fluids
Liquids change partners, overcoming one attractive force for another.
Glass is an amorphous solid

7. FLUIDS – Any form of matter that flows
Since liquids and gases do NOT have a definite shape, they are able to flow, making them fluids.
Use the example of filling up a balloon and releasing it for gasses. Everyday Life Examples: Syrup, compressed gas, water
What does it mean to Flow? Examples include things like traffic and digestion
QUESTION PAGE 272 #1-5
Skip pages

8. Questions to Consider:
Page 272 #1-5

9. VISCOSITY – A measure of a liquids resistance to flow.
Section Viscosity and Flow Rate page 278
VISCOSITY – A measure of a liquids resistance to flow.
The thickness or thinness of a fluid
A fluid that is VISCOUS is the one that is NOT “runny” (it flows slowly!)
Molasses or Honey
Shampoo must stick too use but still wash out easily, hand cream, motor oils. Consumers buy products based on a consideration of viscosity
Try putting students in an enclosed area and move even birthdays to one side, odd to the other and then again with their elbows out to slow the flow make it more viscous.
Mercury Metal or Water

10. High Slow Thick Low Fast Runny VISCOSITY FLOW RATE DESCRIPTION
Get 3 squeeze bottles and fill each with different fluid to see who can empty theirs the fastest. Molasses is 5000x more viscous whereas a student would only be about 5x stronger than any other student!

11. Viscosity and Friction
FRICTION - the force that resists movement
The GREATER the friction the GREATER the viscosity
The particles are holding on TIGHTLY to each other.
Review FRICTION as the force that resists movement.
Examples from text page 278 and 279, paint runny and messy, food (coating chocolate), pizza sauce, liquid paper
FLOW RATE – the speed at which a substance flows from one point to another.

12. Viscosity is Important in our Everyday life
QUESTIONS PAGE 280 Numbers 1-4

13. FLOW RATE – The speed at which a fluid flows from one point to another.
Slow
Medium
Fast
Corn Syrup
Dishwashing Liquid
Water
Predict which fluid has the fastest FLOW Rate on page 281.
QUESTIONS Page 281 #1-4
Newtonian versus Non-Newtonian Fluids Video

14. 7-2 B page
CORE LAB ACTIVITY

15. Check Your Understanding Questions
Page 285 #1-7

16. Factors Affecting Viscosity
Section page 286
Temperature
Concentration
Attractive Forces
Use Foldable for this section
Particle Size

17. The amount of a substance dissolved in a specific volume.
Temperature
Concentration
As you INCREASE temperature, you decrease a fluid’s viscosity. As you decrease temperature, you INCREASE a fluid’s viscosity
THE OPPOSITE IS TRUE OF GASES
The amount of a substance dissolved in a specific volume.
INCREASE the concentration, INCREASES viscosity.
Viscosity plunge page 292 as a demo for Temperature
Cool Concentration 7-3D page 294 or The effect of concentration on viscosity page 295

18. Attractive Forces Particle Size
If the attractive forces are STRONG, it is difficult for the particles to pull away thereby the fluid flows s l o w l y and is more viscous
The smaller the particle size, the faster the fluid flows and is less viscous.

19. Page 298 #1,2,5-9,11-13 Chapter Review Questions
Flowing Fluid Floods city Lab 7-3B, page 291