1. Nature Wars II ISS 310 Spring 2000 Prof. Alan Rudy Questions? Main Points? 4/20/00

2. Ch.3: Relatively Harmless Creatures Cockroaches Conserving Nature but not at home? Structural Pest Controllers –Exterminators or Guardians of Health? Fleas Rats/mice Mosquitoes Termites –Sanitation + IPM far better than chemicals or utterly “natural” controls

3. Ch.3: Relatively Harmless Cockroaches? Ancient (like grasshoppers, mantids, crickets and termites). 4000 species - 4 main pest species Flat, greasy, flee from light Omnivorous scavengers Fecund --> High reproductive rates NOT A SERIOUS HEALTH THREAT –Allergies usually worst. A couple? Who cares.

4. Ch.3: Relatively Harmless Cockroaches II When is an infestation bad enough to implement control measures? Can low levels be tolerated or accepted? Are chemicals necessary? Are slower, apparently more expensive (short term), methods feasible?

5. Ch.3: Relatively Harmless Cockroaches III Winston claims most chemicals highly tested. IBT scandal... Do we trust testers, often companies. Do we, and others, understand labels and safety measures? Why do agricultural chemicals and practices get more scrutiny than home chemicals and practices?

6. Ch.3: Relatively Harmless Cockroaches IV How do we evaluate household chemical danger for humans? Problems with, and difficulty of, social epidemiology. Problems of, and difficulties with, pesticide resistance. –Esp. for cockroaches, where resistance to one chemical may impart resistance to others as well.

7. Ch.3: Relatively Harmless Cockroaches V Rotate chemicals often? How about non-pesticide methods? –1) Know your species, habitat, preferences –2) Be clean, store food and garbage in sealed containers, eliminate standing water. –3) Selective and specific chemical baits, traps and chemical applications. Diatomaceous earth, boric acid first. Delete sample document icons and replace with working document icons as follows: From Insert Menu, select Object... Click “Create from File” Locate File name in “File” box Make sure “Display as Icon” is checked Click OK Select icon From Slide Show Menu, Select “Action Settings” Click “Object Action” and select “Edit” Click OK

8. Ch.3: Relatively Harmless Cockroaches VI Key: consumers must demand IPM not chemical extermination. Industry must serve clients who want extermination and or apparent cost-cutting and time saving methods. IPM = professionalization/better training. but also long-term, sustained and regular maintenance and testing.

9. Ch.3: Relatively Harmless Cockroaches VII Need better gov’t regulation, certification, training and renewal schedules. Need better understanding of short- term penny-wisdom being long-term pound foolish. Very nice summary on p.58

10. Ch.4: Weeds Humans thrive everywhere and make their own surroundings, even novel ecosystems like cities and suburbs. Urbanism makes weeds in both their plant, animal and bird incarnations. Urban nature is a hybrid place and climate, groomed, sanitized, and simplified: more about “feeling” than “nature.”

11. Ch.4: Weeds II Pigeons: –check out those many diseases (61) Geese –mean, stinky, slimy, sick birds Mike Mackintosh –seeks diversified urban ecologies as a means of controlling pest populations and the reduction of pest being generated by urbanism.

12. Ch.4: Weeds III Birds and Aircraft/Airports Airports often placed near marshy bird-intensive habitats -- ooops. Marsh, complex, diverse ecology that Winston calls balanced. Airport, simplified, reduced diversity ecology that Winston calls disrupted. Delete sample document icons and replace with working document icons as follows: From Insert Menu, select Object... Click “Create from File” Locate File name in “File” box Make sure “Display as Icon” is checked Click OK Select icon From Slide Show Menu, Select “Action Settings” Click “Object Action” and select “Edit” Click OK

13. Ch.4: Weeds IV To legally control bird populations: –Mowing –Draining –Garbage Removal –Different Noises –Spikes –Hotfoot –Move nests –Raptor releases.

14. Ch.4: Weeds V Rats –lean, mean, gnawing machines –quick, tough, and hard to kill –carry a whole host of diseases and disease vectors –cause fires by gnawing cables Buildings can be rat-proofed but it isn’t easy Anti-coagulants --> resistance

15. Ch.4: Weeds VI Coyotes –classic mammalian generalist with high reproduction rates and smarts –kill far fewer pets than cars Raccoons –move to cities when habitat destroyed and when transplanted for sporty hunting. –Rabies Beaver, Deer, Squirrels, Rabbits.

16. Ch.4: Weeds VI Lawns! Greatest advertizing campaign EVER Quote on p. 76 Naturescaping for diversity Wildlife corridors Diversity, Conservation and Stewardship. Delete sample document icons and replace with working document icons as follows: From Insert Menu, select Object... Click “Create from File” Locate File name in “File” box Make sure “Display as Icon” is checked Click OK Select icon From Slide Show Menu, Select “Action Settings” Click “Object Action” and select “Edit” Click OK