1. R-1 Refugees in the Baltics

2. R-2 Economic Slump Hits Europe 1998 - early 1999 –Sharp economic downturn in EU; EMU canceled –EU adopts projectionist policies toward East Europe –Severe recession in East Europe –Baltic, Scandinavian economies doing well June 1999 –Governments in Poland, Slovakia lose no-confidence votes –Elections fail to produce parliamentary majorities September 1999 –Unemployed in East Europe attempt to leave home, migrate to areas with jobs –EU cracks down on illegal immigration –Hundreds of migrants now attempting to enter Baltics each week

3. R-3 Energy Cutoff and Reported Epidemic October 1999 Poland and other East European governments stop making trade remittances EU, Russia cut off energy deliveries Blackouts in Poland; water treatment plants affected Reports of typhoid in central Poland—extent unclear Thousands flee toward Baltics