1. A Budget of Amazon LANd Carbon Exchange (ABALANCE) Formerly (?): A Monitoring of the Amazonian Atmospheric System (AMAZONAS)

2. Framework 4th call of the 6th framework programme of the EU DG research, sub-priority 1.1.6.3: "GLOBAL CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEMS“ Call due: 19 July, deadline 3 November ‘05 Area I.1.1: Regional carbon and greenhouse gas budgets

3. Framework (2) I.1.1 Regional carbon and greenhouse gas budgets (Topic for up-to-two STREPs/CA) Confidential draft text! Quantification, understanding and prediction of greenhouse gas emissions in the new member states and in areas which are vulnerable to human land-use pressure such as Amazonia, Northern Russia and Siberia or Sub- Saharan Africa. Emphasis on the utilization and extension of existing carbon observing systems, aiming to an improved quantification of the long term continental budgets and associated spatial and temporal variability, with a view to support the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and for underpinning future climate change mitigation policies.

4. New proposal starting point Based on previous AMAZONAS proposal (Lloyd, Artaxo), replace ‘atmospheric monitoring’. Provisional work packages: 1 Atmospheric CO2 and trace gas composition –Task 1.1 Flask sampling / CO2 measurement profiles –Task 1.2: High-precision continuous measurement of CO2 –Task 1.3 Special observations on emissions associated with fire 2 Stand scale carbon balance and response to rainfall variability –Task 2.1 Reinforce tower network –Task 2.2 enhanced precision CO2 concentrations from flux towers –Task 2.3 biometric network –Task 2.4 evaluation of drought stress effects 3 Data standardisation and interface –Task 3.1 Data quality and uncertainty –Task 3.2 intercalibration of atmospheric concentrations –Task 3.3 provision of a data-model interface 4 The role of disturbance, land-use change and fire in the carbon budget –Task 4.1 scaling up disturbed and undisturbed forest –Task 4.2 land-use change dynamics –Task 4.3 the carbon budget of forest clearance fires 5 Upscaling, inversion and advice on post-Kyoto carbon accounting –Task 5.1 Upscaling models –Task 5.2 Inversion –Task 5.3 Advice on post-Kyoto accounting

5. Some new ideas Enhance the concentration network, including Braganca, SW Amazon, Peruvian Andes Continuous high-precision monitoring site(s) (Tower / mountain central/W Amazon? One additional flux tower in Peru (Tambopata? Iquitos?) Auto - calibrated CO2 on all flux towers Drought sensitivity and rooting depth/dynamics Work on disturbances, fire dynamics Integral and inverse modelling Advise on post-Kyoto mechanisms

6. Collaboration Does the idea fit in with Brazilian science priorities? How will everyone get a stake in the project? Coordination in Brazil: how should this funcion – proposal stage – execution stage How should we organise communication? –Email? –Web site –(EU Cordis web site at proposal writing time for electronic submission and providing institutional data.)

7. Project finances Total about 2.5 M Euro over 3 years. Additional cost = no permanent staff funded. How to cost: –flask sampling, –tower operation, –data base management –One PhD, one Postdoc, one person-month How distribute funds

8. Partners? –Alterra (Kruijt) – coordinator –USP (Artaxo) – Brazilian Coordinator –Leeds University (Lloyd, Phillips) – link w. CEH –Free University of Amsterdam (Dolman) –Oxford University (Malhi) (link w. Edinburgh) –Max-Planck Institute Jena (Heimann) –French and Spanish groups (t.b.d.) –INPA, INPE, PLUS WHO ELSE? –USA, others, non-funded partners?