1. The Future of Genetics Research Lesson 7

2. Human Genome Project 13 year project to sequence human genome and other species (fruit fly, mice yeast, nematodes, E. coli etc…)

3. Time line Pg 260-261 text

4. Human Genome Only 2% of nucleotides in human genome code for all the proteins in body 25 000 genes was much less than predicted Over 50% of genome is repeating sequences Very little genetic variation within our species – 99.9% of all humans is exactly the same

5. Bioinfromatics A field of study that deals with using computer technology to create and analyze a large database of biological information Today we have huge databases of protein and DNA information NCBI

6. Genomics The study of genomes and the complex interactions of genes that result in phenotypes Can study genetic diseases as well as genetic susceptibility to disease

8. Single Nuclear Polymorphisms (SNPs) SNPs can account for genetic diseases

9. Gene Expression If all cells in the human body have the EXACT same DNA sequence why is a heart cell so different from a nerve cell?

10. Microarrays

11. Microarray http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNsThMNjKhM&feature=related

12. Epigenetics “above the genome” Study of how changes in the inheritance of certain traits or phenotypes are based on changes to gene function and not to changes in DNA sequence Epigenetic changes respond to changes to environmental changes, but not considered evolution, because no changes in DNA sequence. This is Nobel prize worthy stuff!

13. Epigenetics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RfgaolrDn8