1. Speech on the seventieth birthday of Stalin (21 December 1949) – Mao Zedong
“Stalin is our greatest father and teacher. In the name of Chinese people and Chinese Communist Party, we celebrate comrade Stalin's seventy birthday. May he be in the best health and live a long life! Leader of both the world's working class and Communist Internationale — Ten thousand years of life to Stalin!”

2. Rise of Communism
Russia

3. Road to the Russian Revolution
Nicholas II tries to hold on to an autocracy
One guy in charge
1905 – Bloody Sunday
200,000 people march in St. Petersburg
Better working conditions and a national legislature.
Russian troops start shooting people
Hundreds killed, 1,000+ wounded = riots
Nick II has no choice but to agree to legislature
called the Duma (gets rid of it after 10 weeks)
Gives Russian people a taste of liberty

4. 1914 – Russia enters WWI 9 million casualties
Nick II moves to the Eastern Front to keep an eye on things.
Leaves his wife at home to run the government.
She is influenced by Rasputin and people think he is calling the shots.
Makes rich Russians mad
They end up killing him -- eventually

6. March 1917 Nick II realizes its over Quits as Czar
July 1918 Lenin orchestrates the murder of the entire family.

7. Bolsheviks take over and a civil war breaks out (1918-1923)
Due to controversy over governing philosophy (Communism vs. Moderates)
Red Army (Bolsheviks) Vs. White Army (everyone else)
Results in another 14,000,000 deaths
Fighting, hunger, flu
The Red Army wins and Russia becomes a Communist Country.

9. Stalin Emphasized industrialization & strengthening agriculture
1930’s – Russia isolated from the West

10. Five Year Plans Goal = modernize Soviet Union Collectivization
Increase agriculture & industry
Stalin saw Russia as 150 years behind
Collectivization
Forced and led to disaster
Man-made famine in Ukraine
Kurkuls resisted collectivist farms as they saw it as a return to serfdom
Cruel but a victory for communists
USSR didn’t meet most of the goals
Still a HUGE step towards full industrialization

13. Kharkiv-1932

15. Rise of Communism
China

16. Beginnings of Communism
Qing (Manchu’s) overthrown (1911)
Nationalist Party comes to power
Civil War – Warlords
Bad for peasants

17. Chinese Role in WWI The Chinese declared war on Germany
Hoped Allies would reward them by giving China back to the Chinese
INSTEAD - the Treaty of Versailles gave Japan the rights to Shandong Province
May 4th Movement (1919)
National protests against weak Chinese Response to ToV

18. 1921 – officially establish the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
The Rise of Communism
1921 – officially establish the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Nationalists vs. Communist

19. The Chinese Struggle Two forces
1. Nationalist movement to push the foreign merchants and capitalists out
2. A strong worker/peasant movement to liberate the people from oppression by their own leaders and business people

20. Civil War 1930 – Nationalists vs. Communists. The Long March
Mao and followers chased– 9000 km and 90 % of people died – survivors led revolution
Meanwhile… Japan invades China from North
foreign attack forced the Nationalists and Communists to unite to save China

21. Mao Zedong-1947

23. Containment after WWII
US policy of containment – stop spread of communism
Communist (Mao) drove Nationalist (Chiang) to Taiwan in 1949
Declared founding of PRC (People’s Republic of China)
“Two Chinas”
PRC was NOT recognized by UN until 1972

24. Rule by Mao Zedong PRC evolves in 2 phases:
1. The Soviet Model ( )
Land reform
Civil reform
5 Year Plan
2. Great Leap Forward ( )

25. The Great Leap Forward (1958-1963)
Five year plan to modernize China
Mao, after touring China felt they we capable of producing more
In order to increase industrial output, agricultural output must increase to provide food
This leads to famine due to irresponsible farming techniques
Also, this was a period of drought and floods
Machines were unreliable, as they were constructed quickly
Fails, ~20 million die

28. Unloading Docks by Hand

29. Backyard Steel Production

31. The Four Pests Campaign

33. Ecological Crisis
This campaign was intended to create a hygienic China
Killed rats, mosquitos, flies, and sparrows
Fallout
Sparrows ate rice seeds, but also insects that reduced crop production
Upset the ecological balance, lower crop production

34. Cultural Revolution Mao unhappy with market-oriented policies
Cultural Revolution (60’s & 70’s) – political, social, economic change
Remove “Old China”
Scholars sent to the fields to work
Universities & libraries were destroyed
Elementary education
“All people should be able to read and write”

36. Mao vs. Lenin Mao Lenin Based on Marxism
Political, economic & social equality
Increased industrialization & agriculture
Power lies with the peasants
Based on Marxism
Political, economic & social equality
Increased industrialization & agriculture
Power lies with the urban working class

37. Totalitarianism

38. What is it?
A government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public AND private life.
People give up liberty for a sense of security.
Need a dynamic leader to pull it off
Stalin
Mao
Hitler

39. What you need to make a Totalitarian State Work
Police Terror
Violence and terror keep people in line.
The secret police ENFORCE policy NOT protect citizens and catch criminals.
Spy on citizens
May beat or even murder people

40. Indoctrination Instruction in government beliefs Glorify the leader
And his ideas
Begins with the young
Schools are key
Ex Hitler Youth

41. Propaganda and Censorship
Used to sway people
Must have control of ALL media to make it work.
The goal  present false information as the truth.
Anyone who tries to call the government out must be dealt with harshly
prison or a bullet

42. Persecution Usually ethnic or religious
You need someone to blame when things go wrong.
Need to be identifiable
Live in certain places
Follow “special” laws

43. Police Terror
Indoctrination
Propaganda
Persecution

44. Case Study- Stalinist Russia
The KGB (secret police)
Kept tabs on EVERYONE
Tap phones, read mail, random arrests and interrogations/ forced confessions.
Arrest LOTS
send them to the gulag (labor camp)
Or shoot them

45. Vasili Blokhin (KGB Executioner)
Once shot 7,000 Polish prisoners in 28 Days
Nikolai Yezhov (head of the KGB in the 1930’s

46. Propaganda and Censorship
Stalin’s government controlled:
Newspapers, movies, radio, and other sources of info.
All Stalin, all the time
Everything was a success, all policies were great, Stalin was awesome, etc, etc, etc…

48. The communist party controlled ALL schools
Education & Indoctrination
The communist party controlled ALL schools
from preschool to college
Get the Party message for a LONG time.
ANY teacher or professor who challenged the Party view was arrested.
Ex. – Stalin wasn’t in St. Petersburg for the start of the October Revolution(true by the way)?
OFF TO THE GULAG
10 – 15 years.

49. Communists don’t like religion
“Opiate of the masses”
Russian Orthodox church pegged as the “bad guy”.
Stalin especially hated churches – many torn down during is regime

51. Stalin and the Economy
Stalin saw that Russia was behind the rest of the world
Wanted to catch up quick
His solution was a COMMAND ECONOMY
Government makes all of the economic decisions.
Stalin’s idea  Five Year Plans
Set impossible goals for industrialization
Two ways to reach the goals
Don’t make as many consumer goods
Lie about the figures.
In the end it worked (sort of)
Production increased but numbers not met

52. Stalin and Agriculture
1928
Stalin decides to collectivize farms
No individual property – big government farms
Ended up having to force people off the land
Also had to force people on to the land
Produce more but it is mismanaged from the start
Widespread famine (food shortage)
Results in the death of 5 – 10 million people.

54. In-Class Project (3-4 per group)
Write our leaders “myth”
Humble Beginnings, Triumph over Adversity, Victory
Who is the “Enemy of the State”?
How is the leader to be celebrated?
Goals for the communist state (20 Minimum)
How will it be achieved?
Flag of the State
Poster of our leader
Poster of what the ideal society will look like