1. “A house is built of bricks and cement!
A home is built of love and affection!!"

2. REQUIREMENTS BEARING CAPACITY TYPES
FOUNDATIONS
REQUIREMENTS
BEARING CAPACITY
TYPES

3. FOUNDATION/SUBSTRUCTURE
Plain Cement Concrete Bed of about 300mm thick
Two or Three Masonry Footings

4. REQUIREMENTS Base for the Structure Transmitting the Load to the Soil
Uniform Distribution of Load on Larger Area
Minimization of Differential Settlement
Stability of the Building
Firm Level Base
Lateral Stability to the Structure
Safety against Sliding and Overturning
Safety against Scouring and Undermining

5. FOUNDATION SOILS
CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS
BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL

6. CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS
Indian Standard (IS) Classification
Coarse Grained Soils (Gravel [G], Sand [S])
Fine Grained Soils (Silts, Clay)
Classification based on Particle Sizes
Boulder
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Silt
Clay

7. BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Soil = Ultimate Load/Area of the Plate
Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil =
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Soil/Factor of Safety

8. FACTORS AFFECTING BEARING CAPACITY OF THE SOIL
Physical features of foundation (Type, Size and shape, Depth, Rigidity of structure)
Type of soil and its physical properties (Density, Shear strength, etc.)
Position of ground water table
Allowable settlement of the soil

9. METHODS OF IMPROVING BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL
By increasing the Depth of Foundation
By Compacting the Soil
By Draining the Sub-soil Water
By Grouting the Soil Mass with Cement Grout
By Restricting the Movement of Soil
By Injecting Chemicals

10. TYPES
SHALLOW
DEEP
MACHINE

11. SHALLLOW FOUNDATIONS
Spread Foundations
Mat or Raft Foundations

12. SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
Spread Foundations
Mat or Rat Foundations

13. Spread Foundations
Wall
Isolated
Combined
Continuous

14. DEEP FOUNDATIONS
Piles
Piers
Well

15. Piles Steel Concrete Composite Timber End-bearing Friction
Under-reamed

16. Piers
Belled
Straight Shafted
Extended Straight Shafted

17. THANK YOU
Presented by,
KIRUTHIKA.J
ECE