1. Imperialism What does it mean?
The complete control of a weaker nation’s social, economic, and political life by a stronger nation.

2. What are the causes of the New Imperialism?
Industrial Revolution
Nationalism
Balance of Power
Social Darwinism
White Man’s Burden

3. Groupwork
You will analyze the documents provided, consider the source, and answer the corresponding question(s).

4. Document 1
"Modern progressive nations lying in the temperate zone seek to control garden spots’ in the tropics. [mainly in Africa, Latin America, and Asia] Under [the progressive nations] direction, these places can yield tropical produce. In return, the progressive nations bring to the people of those garden spots the foodstuffs and manufactures they need. [Progressive nations] develop the territory by building roads, canals, railways, and telegraphs. They can establish schools and newspapers for the colonies [and] give these people the benefit of other blessings of civilization which they have not the means of creating themselves." Source: O.P. Austin, "Does Colonization Pay" The Forum, 1900 According to the author, what benefits did the colonies receive from the "modern progressive nations"?

5. Document 2
According to this document, why is England interested in controlling India?
Source: Regentsprep.org/globalhistoryandgeography

6. Document 3
According to this document, what is it that Africa has that is so profitable?

7. Document 4
“The necessity that is upon us [is] to provide for our ever-growing population- either by opening new fields for emigration, or by providing work and employment…and to stimulate trade by finding new markets.”
Source: Lord Lugard, The Rise of Our East African Empire
According to Lord Lugard, why is imperialism a necessary pursuit for Britain?

8. Document 5
"To begin with, there are the exporters and manufacturers of certain goods used in the colonies. The makers of cotton and iron goods have been very much interested in imperialism. Their business interests demand that colonial markets should be opened and developed and that foreign competitors should be shut out. Such aims require political control and imperialism.
Finally, the most powerful of all business groups are the bankers. Banks make loans to colonies and backward countries for building railways and steamship lines. They also make loans to colonial plantation owners, importers, and exporters.
The imperialist business interests have powerful allies. Military and naval leaders believe strongly in extending the white man’s rule over the ‘inferior races,’ To this company may be added another element—the missionary. Missionaries went forth to preach a kingdom beyond this world. But they often found themselves the builders of very earthly empires Last, but by no means least, let us add politicians to our list of empire builders."
Source: Imperialism and World Politics, Parker T. Moore, 1926
Who are the empire builders described in this passage?

9. Document 6
. . . [N]one of the colonial undertakings was motivated by the quest for capitalist profits; they all originated in political ambitions the nations’ will to power [or] glory or national greatness. Source: Raymond Aron, The Century of Total War, Doubleday & Co., 1954 (adapted) What did this author say was the cause of imperialism?

10. Document 7

11. Document 8
“All over the globe today we see the peoples of Europe creating a mighty aristocracy of the white races. Those who take no share in this great rivalry will play a pitiable part in time to come. The colonizing impulse has become a vital question for a great nation…We…[in Germany] realize today what opportunities we have missed. The consequences of the last half-century have been appalling, for in them England has conquered the world…We must, and will, take our share in the domination of the world by white races.”
Heinrich von Treitschke, 1897
Why is it important for Germany to start the process of industrialization? Who are they jealous of? What argument would Treitschke use to justify imperialism?

12. Document 9
But the economic side must not be allowed to obscure [hide] the other factors. Psychologically speaking, evolutionary teaching [about the “survival of the fittest”] was perhaps most crucial. It not only justified competition and struggle but introduced an element of ruthlessness Source: William L. Langer, The Diplomacy of Imperialism, Knopf, 1935 (adapted) According to Langer, what was the psychological reason for the new imperialism?

13. Document 10
Cecil Rhodes was a successful British imperialist in Africa. This excerpt is adapted from his position on imperialism. I contend that we [Britons] are the finest race in the world, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the most human, most honourable race the world possesses. Source: Cecil Rhodes, Confession of Faith, originally written at Oxford, 1877 (adapted) According to Rhodes, why should Britain pursue a policy of imperialism?

14. Document 11 Take up the White Man’s Burden
Send forth the best ye breed
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives need
To wait in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild
Your new caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child
Source: Excerpt from “White Man’s Burden” by Rudyard Kipling
What does Rudyard Kipling’s poem about imperialism tell you about the attitude of westerners (European industrialized nations)toward imperialism?

15. Document 12
According to the cartoonist, what does the imperialist offer the colonized people?

16. Document 13
“When the whites came to our country, they had the Bible and we had the land. They said ‘let us pray’, so we closed our eyes. Now we have the Bible and they have our land.” ~ African Proverb What does this proverb tell you about the African perspective on imperialism?

17. Document 14
For a thousand years, you, Africa, suffered like a beast, Your ashes strewn to the wind that roams the desert. Your tyrants built the lustrous, magic temples To preserve your soul, preserve your suffering. Barbaric right of fist and the white right to whip, You had the right to die, you also could weep. Source: Excerpt from Patrice LaMumba’s “Dawn in the Heart of Africa” What is Patrice LaMumba referring to when he mentions magic temples?

18. Document 15
The White Man killed my father, My father was proud. The White Man seduced my mother, My mother was beautiful. The White Man burnt my brother beneath the noonday sun, My brother was strong. His hands red with black blood The White Man turned to me; And in the Conqueror’s voice said, "Boy! a chair, a napkin, a drink.
Source: An Anthology of West African Verse, David Diop, 1957
What were some negative effects of imperialism on Africa?

19. Document 16 “Learning Civilized Ways is Hard Work”
What is the cartoonist saying about imperialism from the perspective of colonized people?

20. Document 17
. . . The condition of Africa when Europe entered the continent, which Isaiah so graphically describes as “the land shadowing with wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia a people scattered and peeled,” was deplorable. On the East Coast, Arabs and half-castes were engaged in a lucrative trade in slaves for export to Arabia and to Turkish possessions. In the west, powerful armies of Moslem States depopulated large districts in their raids for slaves. Europe had failed to realise that throughout the length and breadth of Africa inter-tribal war was an ever-present condition of native life, and that extermination and slavery were practised by African tribes upon each other. Source: Lord Lugard, The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa, Archon Books, 1965 According to Lord Lugard, what was Africa when the Europeans arrived?

21. Document 18
It was the task of civilisation to put an end to slavery, to establish Courts of Law, to inculcate in [teach] the natives a sense of individual responsibility, of liberty, and of justice, and to teach their rulers how to apply these principles; above all, to see to it that the system of education should be such as to produce happiness and progress. I am confident that the verdict of history will award high praise to the efforts and achievements of Great Britain in the discharge of these great responsibilities. For, in my belief, under no other rule…does the African enjoy such a measure of freedom and of impartial justice, or a more sympathetic treatment, and for that reason I am a profound believer in the British Empire and its mission in Africa Source: Lord Lugard, The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa, Archon Books, 1965 According to Lord Lugard, what were two ways the British helped Africa?

22. Document 19
. . . British brains, British enterprise, and British capital have, in a material sense, transformed the face of India. Means of communication have been developed: innumerable bridges, over 40,000 miles of railway, 70,000 miles of roads, testify to the skill and industry of British engineers. Irrigation works on a stupendous [huge] scale have brought 30,000,000 acres under cultivation, and thus greatly added to the agricultural wealth of a country which still lives mainly by agriculture. ..Thanks to improved sanitation (much resented by the more ignorant beneficiaries), to a higher standard of living, to irrigation, to canalization, to the development of transport, and to carefully thought-out schemes for relief work, famines, a perennial [continuing] problem, have now virtually disappeared. To have conquered the menace of famine in the face of greater longevity, of diminished death-rate, and the suppression of war, is a remarkable achievement for which India is wholly indebted to British administration. . Source: Sir John A. R. Marriott, The English in India, Oxford University Press [adapted], 1932 According to this document, what were two ways that India changed under British rule?

23. Document 20
Englishmen...have given the people of India the greatest human blessing –peace. They have introduced Western education. This has brought an ancient and civilized nation in touch with modern thought, modern sciences and modern life. They have built an administration that is strong and efficient. They have framed wise laws and have established courts of justice.
Source: Romesh Dutt, The Economic History of India Under Early British Rule
According to the author, how has India benefitted from British rule?

24. Document 21
The period of imperialism has witnessed many wars. Most of these wars have been caused by attacks of white races upon so-called “lower races.” They have resulted in the taking of territory by force The white rulers of the colonies live at the expense of the natives. Their chief work is to organize labor for their support. In the typical colony, the most fertile lands and the mineral resources are owned by white foreigners. These holdings are worked by natives under their direction. The foreigners take wealth out of the country. All the hard work is done by natives.
This excerpt is adapted from Imperialism by J.A. Hobson, a British scholar.
What negative aspects of imperialism does this British scholar point out?

25. Document 22
"Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. . The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy. Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . ."
Source: Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962
In 1962, what was the response of this West African nationalist to years of colonialism?

26. Document #
Answer

27. List three things you have learned about imperialism today.1. 2. 3.
Name-