1. Cytology. General structure of the cell. Superficial complex
Noncellular structures
Cell membrane (plasmalemma)
Junctions.
Organeles
Nucleus
Cell cycle

2. Cytology – sience about structure, function and development of cells and noncelllular structures
Cell – limited by active membrane structuraly arenged system of bipolimers, which form nucleus and cytoplasm, take part in metabolism, protection and renewal cells as system
Components of cell: cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus

3. Noncellular structure:
Nucleated:
symplast (sceletal muscular fibers)
syncytium (spermatogenesis, ovogenesis)
Nonnucleated:
Extracellular matrix
Erythrocytes and platelates

5. Fluid-mosaic structure of the cell membrane
Glycocalyx 2. Bilipid layer 3. Cortical layer

6. Cell membrane scheme

7. Cell membrane proteins

8. Functions of cell membrane:
Limiting and transport:
endocytosis:
fagocytosis
pinocytosis
ekzosytosis:
Secretion
Excretion
Recretion
clazmatosis
Perimembrane metabolism
Cell reception
Junctions:
adhesive (tight, adherent),
isolated (desmosome, gap)
communicative (necsus, synapse)

10. Cell

11. Organelles General Special 1. Microscopic and submicroscopic Cilia
Flagella
Fibrilles (myo-, tono-, neurofibrilles)
Membranebounded:
Mitochondrion
endoplasmatic reticulum (rough and smooth)
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Peroxisome
Membraneless:
Ribosome
Microfilament
Microtubules
Cell center
Proteasome

26. Components of nucleus:
Nucleolemma (cariolemma)
Carioplasma
Nucleolus
Cromatin or chromosomes
Function:
Storage and passihg genetic information
Control of protein synthesis (realization of genetic information)

27. Round nuclei with nucleoli

31. Hertiving ratio – nucleo-cytoplasmatic ratio
Paranecrosis – state between life and die of nucleus
Kinds of nucleus die:
Cariopiknosis - condensation
Cariorecsis - desintegration
Cariolysis - dussolution

32. Barr’s body – condensated sex chromatin

33. Cell cycle

34. G0-period cells:
Steam cells
Differentiated cells:
Erythrocytes, epidermocytes
Can rephase (hepatocytes)
Cannot dived (higher differentiated) neurons, cardiomyoctyes
Dies of cells:
Necrosis – due to outer environment factors
Apoptosis – inner checking, due to genetic program

36. Confocal scanning laser microscope image