1. THE CELLS THE INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

2. The smallest unit in living things that shows the characteristics of life; the basic building blocks of life.. THE CELL:

3. WHAT IS A CELLS FUNCTION? Each cell contain information (DNA) that is used as instructions for growth, functioning and development.

4. Plant CellAnimal Cell THE TWO MAIN TYPES OF CELLS ARE:

5. WHAT ARE CELLS MADE OF? Made up of tiny membrane-bound structures called ORGANELLES. Each organelle is a specialized structure that carries out a specific role in the cell.

6. Serves as the control centre for a cell. If it is removed the cell dies. NUCLEUS

7. A double-layered, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the nucleus. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

8. Dense, granular bodies within the nucleus that produce ribosomes. NUCLEOLUS

9. Long thin strands of chromatin. The DNA in chromosomes is the hereditary material of the cell. CHROMOSOMES

10. The hereditary material of the cell. Chromatin is DNA bound to various proteins. Found in the nucleus. DNA

11. Separates the cell from its surrounding environment. Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell. CELL MEMBRANE

12. Secondary wall, found only in plant cells, that lies just outside the cell membrane and give the cell its structure and provides protection. CELL WALL

13. The watery material lying within the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus. CYTOPLASM

14. A system of fluid-filled canals that serve as paths for the transport of materials through the cell. Rough ER contains ribosomes on its surface. Smooth ER does not contain ribosomes. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

15. Small particles in the cell where protein is made. RIBOSOME

16. Stacks of flattened membrane sacs that serve as processing, packaging and storage centers for the products released from the cell. GOLGI BODY

17. Small, sac like structures that digest and break- down materials in the cell. LYSOSOME

18. Round or slipper shaped organelles that release energy for the cell. Contains an inner membrane that is highly folded, forming cristae. MITOCHONDRION

19. Barrel shaped organelles that form spindle fibers to help chromosomes during cell division. Spindle fibers help separate chromosomes in cell division. CENTRIOLES

20. Projections from the cell that move material around the cell or move the cell itself. Flagella are longer and more ‘tail like’ than cilia. CILIA AND FLAGELLA

21. Fluid-filled organelles used for storage. The plant cell has a large vacuole. VACUOLE

22. Found only in plant cells. Contain the green pigment chlorophyll. Site of photosynthesis. CHLOROPLAST

23. THE JOBS OF CELLS Animal cells provide 2 essentially needed functions for any animal: 1)Movement: The ability of a cell to either move itself within an environment OR move the environment around it is essential to life. -All animals (with very rare exceptions) need to move in some way. -There are specialized cells that allow it to this. -These include nerve cells and muscle cells.

25. THE JOBS OF CELLS 2) Cells also need to be involved in nutrition for the animal. -They have to be able to take in materials, process them and either use them in the cell or release them for other cells to use. -Material either comes into cells (ENDOCYTOSIS) or is removed from cells (EXOCYTOSIS).