1. Colonial Education Federal Government By David Perley

2. David Perley, Tobique First Nation Colonial Education Indian Act Determines the social, economic and political development of First Nation societies Instrument of control Tool for assimilation and acculturation Highly paternalistic, “Wards of the Crown” Based on racist assumptions and misconceptions

3. David Perley, Tobique First Nation Colonial Education Indian Act Lack of Native input in development of the Act DIA established as a result of the Act Minister of Indian Affairs has total control Minister delegates authority to his agents Historically, Indian Agent system Currently, Chief and Council system

4. David Perley, Tobique First Nation Colonial Education Indian Act Historically, First Nation citizens not recruited into DIA Currently, First Nation citizens at lower levels of DIA Cooptation of First Nation employees within DIA System benefits from DIA initiatives

5. David Perley, Tobique First Nation Colonial Education Indian Act DIA continues to ignore consultation process Formal versus informal (hidden) agendas Sections 114 to 123 of the Indian Act deal with schools and powers of the minister regarding education of “Indian” children Residential Schools; Indian Day Schools; Provincial Schools; Federal Schools; First Nation Schools

6. David Perley, Tobique First Nation Colonial Education Indian Act “Destroyed or attacked everything that was Maliseet and Mi’kmaq; language, culture, traditions, worldviews, and culturally-based institutions such as social, economic, political”