1. Unit 1 PC Literacy & Systems Design Lesson 1

2. History of Computing Lesson 1

3.  Write in your notebooks.  Why do you think computers were invented? How have they helped us? Do you think they’ve hindered us in any way?

4.  Understand the events that lead to modern-day computing.  Recount the history of personal computers.  Identify the early pioneers of computing.

5.  Electronic digital computer is an invention of the 20 th century  Computer-like functions have been around for years  Abacus

6.  Frenchman Joseph Marie Jacquard  Automated a loom that operated by dropping needles through holes punched in cards  Needles were either up or down (binary numbers)  Jacquard Loom is considered a true digital computer

7.  Charles Babbage  Difference Engine  Performed complicated calculations using levers and gears

8.  Mechanical/Metal & complexity  Performance hurt by expansion & contraction of metal components  Imprecision  Quality of the materials  Technology of the day wasn’t up t the demand of Babbage’s design  Short Video Short Video

10.  Herman Hollerith  1890 US Census  Punched card machine to process census  Later, he founded Hollerith Tabulating Company, which eventually became IBM

11.  1940’s UPenn  ENIAC credited as the first modern computer  Programmed only by rewiring  Vacuum tubes Vacuum tubes  ENIAC used to help the military calculate weapons’ trajectories for WW II ENIAC

12. MeasurementENIAC150 mHz Pentium Speed5,000 additions per second300,000,000 Memory200 digits16,000,000 Elements18,000 vacuum tubes 10,000 capacitors 1,500 relays 6,000 switches 70,000 resistors 4,000,000 transistors (CPU) Size10 feet tall x 1,800 square feet 9” X 12” X 3” Weight30 tons6 pounds

13.  Grace Hopper was a programmer hired to work on the Mark 1 and Mark II at Harvard University  1945 found a dead moth causing the machine to malfunction  Term Debugging was bornDebugging

14.  TRANsfer reSISTOR  John Bardeen, William Shockley and Walter Brattain of Bell Laboratories  Faster, more reliable, smaller, and much cheaper to build than a vacuum tube  One transistor equivalent to 40 vacuum tubes  Computer technology during 1959 - 1964

15.  Packs a huge number of transistors onto a single wafer of silicon  Robert Noyce (Fairchild Corporation) & Jack Kilby (Texas Instruments)  Circuit boards/Motherboards  1965 - 1970

16.  Single chip that can do all the processing of a full-scale computer  Tedd Hoff (Intel)  1971 - Present

17.  ENIAC programming was tedious, time- consuming  Couldn’t be transferred from one computer to another  Programming languages  Computer applications

18.  Commodore, Atari  Apple Corporation founded in 1976  Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak  VisiCalc (1 st spreadsheet program)  The PC revolution was on

19.  1981 Microsoft (Bill Gates) bought DOS (Disk Operating System) and sold to IBM  IBM PC took over the PC revolution begun by Apple  Students before 1985 seldom had access to PC’s

20.  You may work in pairs or by yourself on the following assignment:  Due Thursday 9/11 Directions