1. JAPAN OUTLINE _ Background Information & _ Development History (by Naoto) _ Educational system & _ Educational Issues (by Hiro)

4. Background Information(1) Area Size377,887 sq km Population (density)127million (341.8 per sq km) Ethnic groupsJapanese (99%), others(Aynu:23000, Ryukyu, Korean, Chinese) Language Japanese ( 日本語 ) Literacy Rate99%

5. Background Information(2) Life Expectancy Rate (2003) 78.07(male) / 84.93(female) Infant Mortality Rate (2003) 3.1 per 1000 live births (2003) GDP$3.651 trillion (PPP 2002) GDP per capita$28,700 (PPP 2002) GDP growth rate0.2%

7. Background Information(3) Exports$383.8 billion (2002) Imports$292.1 billion (2002) ODA$9.3 billion (2002) Defence Expenditure 6 % of Total Government Expenditure (1% of GDP) Unemployment Rate 5.3% (2003)

10. Development History (1) _ Edo (Tokugawa) Period [1603-1868] National Isolation Policy Primary enrolment rate (male 79%, female 21%) & estimated Literacy rate (male 40-50%, female 15%) Domestic Industry

11. Development History (2) _ Pre-War period [1868-1945] Meiji Restoration - open the country – Modernisation Basic education & Moral Education (Confucian) *primary school enrolment was over 90% in 1902 Slogans – Japanese Spirits, Western Skills & Western Science, Eastern Morals

12. Development History (3) _ Post-war period [1945-] Devastation of the Nation - Restructuring every social systems (Centralised governance structure) Rapid economic growth (1960s-70s) - Strong back up of USA (Cold War), WB Environmental Problems - four major environmental deteriorations(1960s)