2. American CIVIL WAR The Battle for the Blue & the Gray

3. APUSH/CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 (The War between the States) More lives lost in Civil War than in World War I, World War II, Korea and Vietnam!

4. APUSH/CIVIL WAR North South

5. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Background Information 1st Modern War in America Reasons: Armies were organized and trained for battle. Strategies / tactics used to defeat each other. Artillery / Weaponry improves during the war. Submarine, Rifle, Gattling Gun, etc..,.. Communities/Towns/States organized regiments to fight for the cause.

6. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Long Range causes Money - Industrial North vs Agricultural South States Rights - South felt that they had certain rights to run their state government w/o interference Expansion - South wants to push slavery into West. Lifestyle – Northerners = City life / Southerners Plantation lifestyle Secession - Southerners felt that they should leave Union to get what they want!

7. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Immediate Causes of the War: SLAVERY! Talmadge Amendment (1819) – Congressional attempt to prohibit any more slaves in Missouri. Defeated by US Senate. 11 free state /11 slave Wilmot Proviso (1846) Congressional Proposal twice passed through the House but was defeated in Senate. –North (anti slavery) control House –South (fire eaters) balance equal in Senate! Polk never took sides in the debate and when he left office in 1849 country was divided over the issue of slavery!

8. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Missouri Compromise of 1820 Congress admits MS as a slave SLAVE state, and MAINE as a free state. This establishes a precedent. Admit 1 free for 1 slave state. Draw line across country. All states north of line are free, south of line are Slave.

9. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Growth & Expansion 1848:Mexican War USA gets territory of Texas. Jan. 24, 1848 – Gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill 1849: California petitions for statehood. Congress now has to determine again if each will come in as Free or Slave. California straddles the line!

10. APUSH/CIVIL WAR

12. Debate Over California 1.15 Slave and 15 Free States exist! 2.President: Zachary Taylor (had already warned Southerners he would hunt them down and kill them as deserters if they try to leave Union) 3.If CA is admitted, there are no Slave states to balance up the sides! 4.Unhappy trio – Clay, Calhoun & Webster 1.One more time on the floor of the Senate. 2.Debate the merits of the Compromise. 3.Clay – 73 years old, tired and feeble. 4.Calhoun – 68, dieing of TB, can’t speak 5.Webster – 68, liver ailment, last speech

13. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Positions of Each man Henry Clay – North & South should both make concessions. (Motion supported by Stephen Douglas) John C. Calhoun – Leave slavery alone, return runaway slaves, and restore political balance. (Secretly had a proposal to elect two Presidents (1 southern/1northern) Daniel Webster - Urged support of Clay’s Plan. He claimed Mexican territories were not the issue. (God had made the land unsuitable for plantation economy) People should support compromise, concessions and reasonableness! –Called 7 th of March Speech – 100, 000 copies printed in 1850 alone! William Seward – Said that there was a “higher law” than that of the Constitution. Probably cost him election of 1860!

14. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Compromise of 1850 Plan to bring CA in as a state, balance the number of Free/Slave states and provide stiff punishment for escaped slaves in AMERICA. Henry Clay of Kentucky: Four Parts 1.) Admit CA=Free state 2.) Create UTAH & New Mexico territory 3.) End slave sales (not slavery) in District of Columbia 4.) Congress passes Federal Fugitive Slave Law (More strict than 1793 Law)

15. APUSH/CIVIL WAR

16. Backlash over the Compromise 1.Congressional balance permanently tipped to North. 2.NM/UT would be free as well. (too many FREE SOILERS there! 3.Fugitive Slave Law was viewed by Abolitionists as too harsh. 1.No testimony at trial/hearing. 2.Instant return to Slavery. 4.Sets up 1850’s as decade of Violence!

17. Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811 - 1896 Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811 - 1896 So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

18. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!

19. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Kansas/Nebraska Act 1854 Proposed by Stephen Douglas. –Why? –Answer: It would put Transcontinental RR through his state (IL) $$$$ Provisions: 1.KS & NEB want to enter union! 2.KS is north of 36’30 line for slavery. 3.Nebraska would be a free state! 4.Stephen Douglas calls for Kansas to be a SLAVE STATE! Creates Chaos! Helps to create the Republican Party!

20. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Kansas is a battleground! Populated by 1,000’s of “Free Soilers” –Purpose is to move to KS and make sure it comes in as a FREE STATE! May 21, 1856 -Tension comes to a boiling point! Violence sweeps across state. –Newspaper offices, homes & businesses are looted! John Brown-an anti slavery crusader decides to handle things “his own self”

21. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

22. “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

23. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

24. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Raid at Pottawatomie May 21, 1856 John Brown raided a pro slavery settlement near river. He and his men dragged five men from their beds and executed them with swords/knives in front of their families! Brown and others believed it was God’s work to stop the spread of slavery!

25. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Beating of Charles Sumner (May 22, 1856) AKA “Bleeding Sumner” A New England Senator who had publicly criticized Senator Andrew Butler of SC for the “Crime against Kansas”. His speech implied that Butler slept with slavery as if she were a “Whore” without a name. Butler’s nephew Preston Brooks decided to defend his uncles honor on the floor of the Senate chamber. Brooks beats Sumner with a cane in front of 30 other people, mostly from the South who do nothing to stop it! Northerners are frightened by this incident! IF THIS CAN HAPPEN IN WASHINGTON, DC…THE SOUTH IS A DANGER TO ALL OF US! NORTHERN PAPERS DENOUNCED IT AS AN ATTACK ON THE PRINCIPALS OF DECENCY! SOUTHERNERS SENT POST CARDS TO THE SENATE THAT SAID “HIT HIM AGAIN” BUTLER RESIGNED HIS SEAT IN THE SENATE ONLY TO BE UNANIMOUSLY REELECTED BY THE PEOPLE OF SOUTH CAROLINA!

26. “The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Preston Brooks (D-SC)

27. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Election of 1856 James Buchanan wins election over John C. Fremont. Popular Vote: 1,832,955 to 1,339,932 Electoral College 174 to 114. First real election for the Republican Party. Smear Campaign: –Buchanan was a bachelor! Fiancee had died after a lover’s quarrel. –Fremont – He was illegitimate. Mother was a southerner.

28. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Dred Scott Case 1857 Supreme Court Case A slave (Dred Scott) had been brought to a free state by his owner. Owner died, Scott went to court to prove he was now a free man. Case went to Supreme Court. Scott’s Argument: Citizenship is not defined by race in Constitution He lives in a FREE STATE, therefore he is FREE! February 15, 1857 “Dred Scott is still a slave, appeal denied” March 1857 James Buchanan becomes President President Buchanan pushes Supreme Court to make clearer definition of ruling. March 6, 1857 Citizenship is defined by race! Slaves are Property not people! Slaves can be taken anywhere! RULING CREATES CHAOS IN AMERICA!

29. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine Popular Sovereignty ? The Freeport Doctrine was articulated by Stephen A. Douglas at the second of the Lincoln-Douglas debates on August 27, 1858, in Freeport, Illinois. Lincoln tried to force Douglas to choose between the principle of popular sovereignty proposed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the United States Supreme Court case of Dred Scott v. Sandford. Instead of making a direct choice, Douglas's response stated that despite the court's ruling, slavery could be prevented from any territory by the refusal of the people living in that territory to pass laws favorable to slavery.

30. APUSH/CIVIL WAR LeCompton Constitution 1857 Kansas vote for statehood. Free Soilers dominate population. Citizens can only vote for constitution with slavery or without, no other choice presented! –Provision Included that if slavery was abolished in KS, people who owned slaves prior to 1857, would be allowed to keep them! (A Grandfather clause) State Constitution passed with Slavery in 1857! IMPACT: POPULAR SOVERIEGNTY

31. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Lincoln vs Douglas Both had competed with the other for years. Both are from Springfield, IL. Both served in State Legislature as well as H of R Both competed for affections of Mary Todd. (She chose Abe!) Both ran for Senate seat from Illinois in 1858. (Senators were chosen by State Legislatures until 1913) Lincoln felt like he was awkward, homely and somewhat out of place in the debates! Douglas viewed the debates as a stepping stone to the Presidency!

32. APUSH/CIVIL WAR

33. Lincoln-Douglas Debates 1858- Seven debates took place between Douglas and Lincoln over Slavery. Related to Senate race for Illinois. 1857-58 Both supported idea of inferior position for blacks! Lincoln loses election! Positive Effects: –Lincoln becomes well known national figure! –Douglass is exposed for being “two faced”. Democrats did not want him to represent the party!

34. APUSH/CIVIL WAR “A house divided” A house divided against itself cannot stand." I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved—I do not expect the house to fall—but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till it shall become alike lawful in all the States, old as well as new—North as well as South.

35. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Raid at Harper’s Ferry John Brown & 18 men raid Federal Arsenal there! October 1859- Brown is caught by Robert E. Lee! Yes that Robert E. Lee!!! Tried and convicted of treason against Virginia! Executed by hanging! Becomes a martyr for North, & symbol of all that’s bad for the South!

36. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

37. APUSH/CIVIL WAR

38. ELECTION OF 1860 Lincoln: The Choice for President! Reasons for support: 1.Free Soilers: non-extension of slavery 2.Manufacturers: A Protective Tariff 3.Immigrants: No abridgement of rights 4.Northwest: A Pacific Railroad 5.West: Internal Improvements at Federal Expense! 6.Farmers: Free Homesteads (Land)

39. APUSH/CIVIL WAR 1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

40. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

41. 1860 Election Results 1860 Election Results

42. APUSH/CIVIL WAR ELECTION OF 1860 Abe Lincoln vs Stephen Douglas South says that if Lincoln is elected, they will leave the Union! November 1860-Lincoln wins Presidency with not one single vote from the South! February 1861= Confederate States of America formed! The Civil War is On! Popular Vote Results: LINCOLN 40% DOUGLAS 29% BRECKENRIDGE 18% BELL 13% LINCOLN GETS 180 of 303 EC Votes!

43. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity An unsuccessful proposal by Kentucky Senator John J. Crittenden to resolve the U.S. secession crisis of 1860–1861 by addressing the concerns of the Lower South. It proposed reestablishment of the ’36 30° line! Both the House of Representatives and the Senate rejected it in 1861. Could not be repealed or amended if adopted!

44. Secession!: SC  Dec. 20, 1860

45. APUSH/CIVIL WAR Confederate States of America Nov. 1860 – Mar. 1861 –LAME DUCK BUCHANAN failed to stop Secession! –AL, MS, TX, GA, FL, LA Created in February, 1861. Jefferson Davis is chosen as President and elected to a 6 year Term! Went about the business of forming Confederate Treasury, War, Commerce Departments. Varina Hopewell Davis -1 st Lady of the Confederacy. –Father: Zachary Taylor (12 th President) –Varina – named for her!