1. The CBERS programme: an overview in May 2009 Gilberto Câmara Director General National Institute for Space Research (INPE) Brazil

2. One world, one dream... Free Earth Observation data for all!

3. A vision for the future A constellation of satellites will provide free global land imaging for all countries on Earth (CEOS) CBERS will be a member of the CEOS land imaging constellation

4. INPE’s space technology agenda “Global EO” – Brazil as global player in earth observation Multilateral Agreements (CEOS, GEO) Bilateral agreements (China, Argentina, UK)

5. CBERS-2B Launch (19 September 2007) CBERS satellites produce global public goods

6. What is a public good? Non-rival...[goods] which all enjoy in common in the sense that each individual's consumption of such a good leads to no subtractions from any other individual's consumption of that good... (Samuelson) Non-excludable it is impossible to exclude any individuals from consuming the good

7. CBERS Program Timeline 1999200120032005200720092011201320152017201920212023 CBERS-1 CBERS-2 CBERS- 2B CBERS-3 CBERS-4 CBSAR (plan) CBERS-5 (plan) CBERS-6 (plan) Set/99Mar/03 Out/03 Mar/09 Set/07 Jun/11 Set/14 Set/15 Set/17 Set/20

8. Satellites for Forestry and Agriculture 1 10 100 1101001000 Resolution (metres) Revisit (days) WFI CBERS-2 CCD CBERS-2/3/4 AWFI CBERS-3/4 MUX CBERS-3/4 Technology 2008 Technology 2015 Technology 2000 50 5 AWFI CBERS-5/6 MUX CBERS-5/6 Mapping Agriculture Mapping Forestry Deforestation Detection Description Land Use 5 AWFI Amaz-1/2 500 CBERS-SAR-1 CBERS-SAR-2 HRC CBERS-2B

9. CBERS 1, 2, 2BCBERS 3, 4 Mass1450 kg1980 kg Electrical Power1100 W2300 W Payload Bit Rate166 Mbps303 Mbps Lifetime2 years3 years CBERS platform

10. CBERS Orbit SSO Polar, 778 km height, 98 0 inclination, 100 min period, Equator crossing at 10h30 AM Track distance of 107 km, revisit time of 26 days

11. Long March-4B Height: 44 meters 3 stages, liquid fuel Capacity of launching 2800 kg in sun-synchronous orbit (900km) Total weight: 250 tons (232 tons of fuel) Launched 69 times with success since October 1996

12. CBERS-1, 2, 2B work share (70% China, 30% Brazil) Service Module StructureBrasil Thermal Control China Attitude and Orbit Control China Power supplyBrasil On-board computerChina TelemetryBrasil Payload Module CCDChina IRMSSChina WFIBrasil Data TransmissionChina Data collectionBrasil

13. CBERS-2 Launch (21 October 2003) CBERS-2

14. CBERS-2 prepared for launch (2003)

15. CBERS-2 assembly and tests(2003)

16. CBERS-2 being put into Long March-4B

17. CBERS 1,2 Sensor Configuration mm 0.42.50.71.10.90.51.51.72.3 WFI 260 m (890 km) MSS 80 m (120 km) CCD 20 m (120 km) Built by ChinaBuilt by Brazil

18. CBERS-1,2 Sensor Configuration Sensor Bands (  m) Swath (km)Resolution (m) CCD0.45 – 0.5212020 0.52 – 0.5912020 0.63 – 0.6912020 0.77 – 0.8912020 0.51 – 0.7312020 IRMSS0.51 – 1.1012080 1.55 – 1.7512080 2.08 – 2.3512080 10.4 – 12.5120160 WFI0.63 – 0.69890260 0.77 – 0.89890260

19. Image CBERS-2 WFI CBERS2-WFI – 157/124, 18/01/2004, São Paulo WFI sensor

20. CBERS-1 IRMSS DaLian Bay ， China

21. CBERS-2 CCD ShenYang China

22. CBERS-2 CCD, Minas Gerais, Brazil

23. CBERS-2 CCD Sobradinho Dam, Brazil Dez 2003

24. CBERS-2 CCD, Parnaíba River Delta, Nov 2003

25. CBERS-2 CCD, Pradópolis, Brazil, Nov 2003

26. CBERS-2 CCD, Macapá, Brazil

27. CBERS-2 WFI mosaic of Mato Grosso state, 2003

29. 2004.02.05 2004.03.28 2004.04.20 Agriculture-Wheat NDVI green exponent based on WFI data (YangZhou)

30. Forest type map based on CBERS-1 CCD data (LinZhi area)

31. CBERS-1 Mosaic Image for Guizhong Province

32. CBERS-2B CBERS-2B Launch (19 September 2007)

33. CBERS-2B Sensor Configuration mm 0.42.50.71.10.90.51.51.72.3 WFI 260 m (890 km) CCD 20 m (120 km) Built by ChinaBuilt by Brazil PAN 2.5 m (27 km)

34. CBERS-2B Sensor Configuration Sensor Bands (  m) Swath (km)Resolution (m) PAN0.51-0.73272.5 CCD0.45-0.5212020 0.52–0.5912020 0.63–0.6912020 0.77–0.8912020 0.51-0.7312020 WFI0.63–0.69890260 0.77–0.89890260

35. Integration of CBERS-2B in INPE (2006-2007) Assembly, integration and test (AIT) facilities at INPE

36. Assembly of CBERS-2B Cameras Integration of CBERS-2B in INPE (2006-2007)

37. CBERS-2B HRC (PAN - 2,7 m) + CCD (multispectral, 20 m) Guarulhos Airport, Sao Paulo, March 2008

38. CBERS-2B HRC (PAN - 2,7 m) + CCD (multispectral, 20 m) São Felix do Xingu, Pará, June 2008

39. CBERS-2B – Forest Degradation CBERS-HRC (2,5 m) + CCD (20 m) CBERS-2B HRC allows better detection of forest degradation (region of Marcelandia, Mato Grosso, Brazil) Deforestation Degradation

40. 北川县 CBERS-2B image of Beichuan Earthquake 2008

41. CBERS-2B image of the Barrier lake in Tangjiashan after earthquake on 1 June 2008

42. CBERS-2B image of Beichuan County after earthquake on 1 June 2008

43. “A few satellites can cover the entire globe, but there needs to be a system in place to ensure their images are readily available to everyone who needs them. Brazil has set an important precedent by making its Earth-observation data available, and the rest of the world should follow suit.”

44. INPE Image Distribution: CBERS and LANDSAT (2004-2008) 16,000 User institutions (51% are private companies)

45. CBERS Image Catalogue (Internet): access to all data

46. CBERS Image Catalogue (Internet): go and get it!

47. FTP area for User

48. Time to respond to a user request Median time 9 minutes

49. “CBERS brought the freedom to have data immediately available when you need it.” What do CBERS users say?

50. What do the private companies say about free CBERS data? Enables new business development Facilitates trial uses for new clients Planning new applications becomes easier Creates jobs by reducing cost of data buys Increases quality by adding data previously unavailable

51. CBERS-3,4 A new generation of CBERS satellite: better instruments, longer lifetime

52. MUX 5/10 m(120 km) CBERS 3 – 4 Sensors µm 0.4 2.3 0.70.90.5 1.51.72.1 Built by China Built by Brazil 3.7 10 3.5 3.9 12 CCD 20 m (120 km) IRMSS 40 m (120 km) Visible – Near IR Short wave IR Medium wave IR Thermal IR AWFI 60 m (720 km)

53. CBERS-3,4 Sensor Configuration: PANMUX, CCD Sensor Bands (  m) Swath (km)Resolution (m) PAN0.51 – 0.85605 MUX0.52 – 0.596010 0.63 – 0.696010 0.77 – 0.896010 CCD0.45 – 0.5212020 0.52 – 0.5912020 0.63 – 0.6912020 0.77 – 0.8912020

54. CBERS-3,4 Sensor Configuration: IRMSS, AWFI Sensor Bands (  m) Swath (km)Resolution (m) IRMSS0.76 – 1.1012040 1.55 – 1.7512040 2.08 – 2.3512040 10.4 – 12.512080 AWFI0.45 – 0.5284070 (10 bits)0.52 – 0.5984070 0.63 – 0.6984070 0.77 – 0.8984070

55. CBERS 3/4 x LANDSAT-7 mm 0.42.30.71.10.90.51.51.7 2.1 CCD 20 m (120 km) MUX 10 m (60 km) PAN 5 m (60 km) PAN 15 m (180 km) TM 30 m (180 km) MSS 40 m (120 km) WFI 73 m (860 km)

56. CBERS-3 Structural Model Tests (2008-2009)

57. CBERS-3,4 Subsystem Work Share ChinaBrazil TCS - Thermal ControlStructure AOCS - Attitude Control *EPSS - Electrical Power Supply ** OBDH - Onboard Data Handling *TTCS – Service Telecommunications ** SCS - System CircuitryMUX camera (20m) PAN camera (5m)WFI-2 camera (73m) IRS camera (40m)DDR – Data Recorder SEM – Space EnvironmentDCS – Data Collecting PIT – Data TransmitterMWT – Data Transmitter

58. CBERS-3, 4 industrial policy in Brazil Contracts with Brazilian industry: R$ 320 million

59. Company OPTOR$ 85.100.052.10 OMNISYSR$ 3.040.614.08 OMNISYSR$ 10.188.733.26 AEROELETRONICAR$ 24.704.596.56 CENICR$ 49.442.106.58 MECTRONR$ 11.664.560.07 OPTO/EQUATORIALR$ 60.589.870.55 OMNISYSR$ 39.976.407.51 MECTRONR$ 7.858.848.00 NEURONR$ 2.772.054.75 OMNISYSR$ 14.884.414.17 ORBITALR$ 5.319.287.59 ORBISATR$ 800.000.00 FUNCATER$ 329.560.00 CENICR$ 3.459.986.00 R$ 320.131.091.22 CBERS industrial contracts

60. MUX CCD Camera(CBERS-3, 4) Optical, electronical, thermal and mechanical project done by OPTO (Brazilian industry)

61. The future of CBERS CBERS satellites will provide information about global land change on the tropics

62. CBERS as a global satellite CBERS ground stations will cover most of the Earth’s land mass between 30 0 N and 30 0 S Cuiabá Boa Vista Chetumal Maspalomas Aswan Jo´burg Nairobi(?) Accra(?) Urumchi Miyun Ghuangzhou Darwin(?) Alice Springs (?)

63. INPE´s Remote Sensing Satellites: 2010-2020 20162014 CBERS-5 CBERS-4 Amazônia-1 CBERS-3 2015 Amazônia-2 CBERS-6 20172019 CBERS-SAR Amazônia-3 20132012201120102018 CBERS: China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite Amazônia-1: 100% Brazilian 2020

64. 64 CBERS 05/06 Preliminary Proposal Medium resolution and wide swath to revisit the earth surface with a high frequency.

65. MUX 5/10 m (120 km) CBERS 5 – 6 Sensors (under discussion) µm 0.4 2.3 0.70.90.5 1.51.72.1 Built by China Built by Brazil 3.7 10 3.5 3.9 12 AWFI-2 20 m (720 km) IRMSS 20 m (120 km) Visible – Near IR Short wave IR Medium wave IR Thermal IR

66. CBERS-5,6 Beijing, March. 2009 PANMUX (CAST)IRMSS (CAST)MUX/WFI (INPE) Programmable Spectrometer (CAST) Polarization Imager (CAST) Spectral Bands (μm) 0.45-0.52 B 0.52 – 0.59 G 0.63 – 0.69 R 0.77 – 0.89 NIR 0.50 – 0.80 PAN 1.55 -1.75 2.08 – 2.185 2.185-2.285 2.295-2.365 3.55 - 3.93 8-10 0.45 – 0.52 B 0.52 – 0.59 G 0.63 – 0.69 R 0.77 – 0.89 NIR 0.45 –0.90 (15 bands) 0.465-0.515 0.535-0.575 0.645-0.685 0.835-0.895 Resolution (m)10/520 / 40 (TH)22/28601km Swath (km)1202X60445/8211202000km Pointing (deg)No Revisit (days)25 - Quantization (bits)101210 12 Mass (kg)2002X150-25kg42 Dimension (mm)1000X850X850400X500X9001100X350X1000400X160x160580X440X390

67. CBERS SAR (under discussion) 5-day full world coverage at 30m; 25-day full world coverage at 10m; 1-day spot at 5m; Sun-Synchronous Dawn-Dusk Orbit; Full Power on descending and ascending; Double-sided access by roll maneuver;