1. Working at a global scale: challenges for a worldwide tropical forest monitoring system Gilberto Câmara General Director National Institute for Space Research Brazil

2. How are Earth’s tropical forests changing, and what are the consequences for human civilization? A scientific question linked to public policy

3. Global Change Where are changes taking place? How much change is happening? Who is being impacted by the change?

4. “Despite solid improvements by scientists in monitoring deforestation, the uncertainties are still substantial”. (Science, 27 April 2007)

5. What are the challenges? Images – covering all of the world’s tropical forests Methodology – using remote sensing algorithms to extract information Software – reproducible methodology Capacity building – training large teams worldwide Field analysis – understanding local forces Socio-economic analysis – understanding globalization forces

6. EO data: benefits to everyone Images: monitoring the planet in a consistent manner CBERS-2 image of Manaus

7. Images show trajectories of land changes Rondonia, Brazil 1986 1975 1992

9. Monitoring Amazon Deforestation Near real-time detection of newly deforested areas (DETER)  Uses MODIS data (250 m resolution, 2 days revisit)  Maps produced weekly  Supports law-enforcement Detailed assessment of deforestation (PRODES)  Uses LANDSAT (30 m resolution, 18 days revisit) and CBERS (20 m resolution, 25 days revisit)  Other satellite data is used when needed  Detailed maps produced yearly  Supports policy-making

10. On-line databases help understanding BR-163: areas greater than 100 ha (2004)

11. Altamira (Pará) – LANDSAT Image – 22 August 2003

12. Altamira (Pará) – MODIS Image – 07 May 2004

13. Imagem Modis de 2004-05-21, com excesso de nuvens Altamira (Pará) – MODIS Image – 21 May 2004

14. Altamira (Pará) – MODIS Image – 07 June 2004

15. 6.000 hectares deforested in one month! Altamira (Pará) – MODIS Image – 22 June 2004

16. Altamira (Pará) – LANDSAT Image – 07 July 2004

17. Go to the field....

18. ...and get the bad guys!

20. NASA’s mission formerly began with “To understand and protect our home planet…”. Those words have now been replaced with “Pioneering the future…”. The aim of better exploring the moon and Mars has attractions, but we agree with the sentiment “The planet that has to matter most to us is the one we live on.”

21. 20032004200520062007200820092010 LANDSAT-51984 LANDSAT-82012 SPOT-41998 SPOT-52002 CBERS-22003 CBERS-2B2007 CBERS-32009 IRS-P62003 IRS-P6/22008 Land Remote Sensing: 20 to 50 meter resolution public commercial

22. India’s ResourceSat and the China- Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) might be good sources of useful data to substitute for the loss of Landsat data during this period (pg. 37) August 2007

23. USGS/EROS Data CenterEOS Polar Ground Network International Cooperators (Landsat 5 & Landsat 7)IC (Landsat 7 only) LTAP+ Station (University of Puerto Rico)IC (Landsat 5 only) (Ar Riyad, Saudi Arabia) Campaign Station (Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) LANDSAT Ground Station Network

24. CBERS: data where it is most needed CBERS ground stations will cover most of the Earth’s land mass between 30 0 N and 30 0 S

25. The Group on Earth Observations, GEO, is leading a worldwide effort to build a Global Earth Observation System of Systems, GEOSS.

26. We have the knowledge… We have the technology… We have the institutions… Do we have the will?

27. One world, one dream... Free Earth Observation data for all!

28. TERRA (ASTER & MODIS) LANDSAT SPOT ALOS RESOURCESAT IRS CBERS A Potential Land Surface Imaging Constellation SAC-C Source: Daniel Vidal-Madjar (France)

29. Number of Cloud Free Landsat 7 Data 79,223 Scenes with 30% or less cloud cover 12,785 unique, daytime path/row combinations (6/29/99 - 3/31/02) source: USGS

30. 166-112 116-113 116-112 TerraAmazon – open source software for deforestation monitoring

31. TerraAmazon – open source software for deforestation monitoring

32. The elements of a capacity building strategy “Qualified specialists produce relevant results by using good-quality data with adequate tools in stable institutions” Capacity building = people + data + infrastructure

33. Até 10% 10 - 20% 20 – 30% 30 – 40% 40 – 50% 50 – 60% 60 – 70% 70 – 80% 80 – 90% 90 – 100% Total Deforestation up to 1997

34. Increment – 2000 a 2006 Até 5 % 5 - 10% 10 – 15% 15 – 20% 20 – 24% 24 – 29% 29 – 34% 34 – 39% 39 – 43% 43 – 49%

35. Large-Scale Agriculture Agricultural Areas (ha) 19701995/1996% Legal Amazonia5,375,16532,932,158513 Brazil33,038,02799,485,580203 Source: IBGE - Agrarian Census photo source: Edson Sano (EMBRAPA)

36. Cattle in Amazonia and Brazil Unidade19922001% Amazônia Legal29,915,79951,689,06172,78% Brasil154,229,303176,388,72614,36% photo source: Edson Sano (EMBRAPA)

37. Rondônia (Vale do Anari) People changing the landscape Field knowledge is fundamental!

38. Deforestation classes per area 13%22%27%32%31%68%38%More than 300 ha 10%11% 12%14%6%12%150 a 300 ha 7% 8%3%8%100 a 150 ha 16%14%13%12%13%6%12%50 a 100 ha 19%16%13%11% 5%11%25 a 50 ha 25%20%16%14%12%6%11%10 a 25 ha 10%9% 8%6%4%5%Less than 10 ha 2006200520042003200220012000 Tendência de Aumento Tendência de Redução Aproxim. Estável Aumento Redução Estável

39. Deforested areas with more than 300ha em 2003 + protected areas

40. New Frontiers Deforestation Forest Non-forest Clouds/no data INPE 2003/2004: Dynamic areas (current and future) Intense Pressure Future expansion

41. Trends in deforestation and meat prices Source: Paulo Barreto (IMAZON)

42. Trends in deforestation and soya prices Source: Paulo Barreto (IMAZON)

43. Next steps Bali conference: Brazil will anounce a Centre for Global Tropical Forest Monitoring Open to collaborations world wide Emphasis on South-South cooperation