1. Joe Brett, Jordan Guthrie, Jury Bell, Zack Pry

2.  Scientist Jury Bell

3.   Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another.  There are three different types of cloning: Embryo, Reproductive, and Therapeutic cloning. The Science of Cloning

4.   Embryo Cloning is a medical technique which produces identical twins or triplets.  One or more cells are moved from a fertilized embryo and then are fortified to develop into one or more identical embryo(s).  Twins or triplets are then formed with identical DNA.  This technique has previously been performed on many types of animals. Embryo Cloning

5.   Also known as adult DNA cloning.  Intended to produce a duplicate of any existing organism.  The DNA from an ovum is removed and replaced with DNA from a cell removed from an adult organism.  The fertilized ovum is then placed in a surrogate.  Has been used to clone sheep and other animals. Reproductive Cloning

6. Dolly the Sheep Dolly the Sheep was made using Reproductive Cloning.

7.   AKA biomedical cloning.  The procedure’s initial stages are identical to reproductive cloning.  However, the stem cells are removed from a pre- embryo with the intent of producing or creating tissue or a whole organ back into the organism that supplied the DNA.  The pre-embryo dies in the process.  The goal is to produce a healthy copy of a sick person’s organ or tissue for transplant. Therapeutic Cloning

8.  Laws on Cloning Joe Brett

9.   Fifteen states have laws relating to human cloning. The first law was issued by California in 1997, which banned reproductive cloning.  Since then, fourteen other states have also banned reproductive cloning.  Six states also have laws against therapeutic cloning, or cloning in labs for research purposes.  Pennsylvania does not have any laws against cloning. State Laws

11.   Regulation of animal cloning in the United States is under the jurisdiction of the Food and Drug Administration.  The Humane Society of the United States has issued a press release condemning the cloning of cats or other pets. US Laws on Cloning

12.   Recently, the controversy around human cloning has received a lot of news coverage; yet unsurprisingly, a clear and thorough examination of both sides has been lacking from the news media.  Basically, human cloning is the artificial process of making a genetic twin of a person. This means a person could literally become the parent of their own twin sibling or the parent of anyone’s twin.  Scientists are either very close at being able to clone human beings, or scientists have already done so. Human cloning has already become illegal or restricted in a variety of degrees in several countries, thus scientific research has been greatly reduced throughout the world. Furthermore, there has been quite a bit of legislation proposing to completely ban human cloning, and a large amount of legislation proposing to allow human cloning.  Unfortunately, I have not seen or heard a holistic explanation of both sides with all the reasons for and against human cloning, so I am going to list all the reasons that I’ve found so far. Additionally, I am going to address each of these issues on their rational merit. Sociologist

13.  Educator Jordan Guthrie

14.  How Many Types of Cloning are There? Three

15.  Is Cloning ‘Unnatural’? No. Some organisms, such as bacteria and yeasts, only reproduce using cloning. Some larger organisms, like snails and shrimp also reproduce by cloning. As sexual reproduction is the only way to improve the genetic stock of a species, most asexual species tend to die off. However, at least one - a shrimp called Artemia perthenogenetica (the brine shrimp)- has survived for at least 30 million years without reproducing sexually. Many more species, including the aphid, reproduce by cloning most of the time and then reproduce sexually every few generations.

16.  Is an Identical Twin the Same as a Clone? Only if the clone is born at the same time from the same womb as its clone. We now know that what a fetus is exposed to in the womb - nutrition, alcohol, drugs or perhaps even stress hormones - can influence its physical and mental development.

17.  Could You Clone Someone Dead? Lincoln? Einstein? In theory, probably. First, they would need some living cells from his body - and unless it was frozen or otherwise preserved soon after death, the cells would probably be unusable. More importantly, because of differences in the environment of the womb and upbringing, the cloned person would not necessarily act, think or even necessarily look like the original.

18.  Could Cloning be Used to Save Endangered Species? If they make the process have a better success rate, it could. It took 267 attempts to clone Dolly, so it wouldn’t be all that effective at the moment.