1. And It’s Benefits in the 21 st Century Dolly 1996-2003

2. What is Cloning? Cloning is a creation of an organism that contains the exact genetic makeup of another organism. Three Types of Cloning Recombinant DNA Cloning Recombinant DNA Cloning Reproductive CloningReproductive Cloning Therapeutic CloningTherapeutic Cloning

3. Recombinant DNA A certain DNA that is of interest is isolated and is then put into an organism that replicates on it’s own like a bacterial plasmid. The DNA is inserted into a foreign host cell. When the self- replicating cell, like the bacterial cell, replicates it replicates the inserted DNA with it. This causes a vast and quick production of the DNA of interest.

4. Reproductive Cloning A technology that uses the same DNA in a nucleus from a organism that is either still living or was once living. In this technology scientists take DNA from an adult donor cell and replace the nucleus of an embryo. In order for cell division to then take place the embryo must be treated with chemicals or an electric current to stimulate the cell. The cell is then placed into the uterus of the same organism so that the egg can mature in the womb.

5. Therapeutic Cloning It is not used for the clone of organisms but rather to clone and study stem cells. Stem cells are cells that are responsible for developing and maintaining the body and they also repair any damage to the body. This type of cloning is used to cure diseases because scientists can isolate and generate almost any specialized cell in the body.

6. What are it’s Benefits in the 21 st Century?  Production of drugs in other animals or organisms Scientists have been able to produce large amounts of insulin for those who are type one Diabetic in bacteria. This quicker and larger production of insulin can help those who are diabetic and can speed up the production of insulin. This is Recombinant Cloning. Scientists have been able to produce large amounts of insulin for those who are type one Diabetic in bacteria. This quicker and larger production of insulin can help those who are diabetic and can speed up the production of insulin. This is Recombinant Cloning.  Reviving endangered species Although it is said that we are able to revive extinct animals like dinosaurs it is not likely because we would need preserved and undamaged genes to clone extinct animals however we are able to clone animals that are endangered. This is Reproductive Cloning. Although it is said that we are able to revive extinct animals like dinosaurs it is not likely because we would need preserved and undamaged genes to clone extinct animals however we are able to clone animals that are endangered. This is Reproductive Cloning.

7. Cloning Benefits continued….  Reproduced a deceased pet We are able to take the DNA of a deceased pet and make a clone of that animal using the Reproductive Cloning procedure. There is a biotechnology company called Genetic Savings and Clones in the U.S.A, that is able to do this but it has only been successful on cats and the development of cloning dogs is underway. The cost can be anywhere from $50,000-32,000 per pet. We are able to take the DNA of a deceased pet and make a clone of that animal using the Reproductive Cloning procedure. There is a biotechnology company called Genetic Savings and Clones in the U.S.A, that is able to do this but it has only been successful on cats and the development of cloning dogs is underway. The cost can be anywhere from $50,000-32,000 per pet.  Help Infertile couples If a woman was infertile and the man was not the scientists can take the egg of another woman and use Reproductive Cloning and the embryo can than develop in the mother (if she is able to hold a child in her womb) or another woman can develop the child in her womb. If the man was infertile another sperm would fertilize the egg and the woman’s eggs can undergo the Reproductive Cloning procedure and embryo can develop in the womb. If a woman was infertile and the man was not the scientists can take the egg of another woman and use Reproductive Cloning and the embryo can than develop in the mother (if she is able to hold a child in her womb) or another woman can develop the child in her womb. If the man was infertile another sperm would fertilize the egg and the woman’s eggs can undergo the Reproductive Cloning procedure and embryo can develop in the womb.

8. Last but not least…  Help with the Study and Development of Cures for Disease Scientists are able to clone Stem Cells in Therapeutic Cloning procedures. Scientists can isolate a certain stem cell that is responsible for the development of a specific cell and they can clone this specific cell which can help with people who have had severe skin damage, organ damage or nerve damage. Scientists are able to clone Stem Cells in Therapeutic Cloning procedures. Scientists can isolate a certain stem cell that is responsible for the development of a specific cell and they can clone this specific cell which can help with people who have had severe skin damage, organ damage or nerve damage.

9. References ______. Cloning Fact Sheet. (August 24,2006 ______. Cloning Fact Sheet. (August 24,2006<http://www.ornl.gov.sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml>.(December4,2007). _______. Cloning in Focus. <http://learn.genetic.utah. edu./units/cloning/. _______. Cloning in Focus. <http://learn.genetic.utah. edu./units/cloning/. (December 4, 2007). Cohen, Daniel. Chapter 3: The Controversy. Cloning (Revised Edition), p. 4. Cohen, Daniel. Chapter 3: The Controversy. Cloning (Revised Edition), p. 4. RetrievedDecember 3, 2007 from EBSCO Host Research Database <http://web.Ebscohost.com/ehost/detail> Leone, Bruno (ed.) Cloning. Thomson Gale and Greenhouse Press. Leone, Bruno (ed.) Cloning. Thomson Gale and Greenhouse Press. Weaver, Gary A. Meat and Milk from animal clones are Safe at home plate. Ascribe Weaver, Gary A. Meat and Milk from animal clones are Safe at home plate. Ascribe Newswire:Health, p. 13. Retrieved December 3, 2007 from EBSCO Host Research Database <http://webebscohost.com/ehost/detail. Woodward, John (ed.).The Ethics of Human Cloning. Thomson Gale and Woodward, John (ed.).The Ethics of Human Cloning. Thomson Gale and Greenhaven Press. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/cloning/clickandclone/