1. Focus on Writing How to Identify a Good Writing The Writing Process:Pre-Writing The Writing Process:Drafting and Editing Designing Controlled and Guided Writing Tasks Designing Free Writing Tasks

2. Objectives Understand the features Importance of purpose Set up situations Design guided writing tasks Understand the process Set up different stages

3. Warm-up Writing-a tool in teaching all language skills Writing- may be a goal in itself. Writing has its practical value and can be used as stimulus in motivating students to learn the language

4. Task 1 Comparing Two Pieces of Writing 1.Select two pieces of writing about the same topic. One piece should be a good one, the other should be an awkward one. 2.Design some questions to get the students to thinks about the two texts and give their comments.

5. Task 2 Identifying the Features of Good Writing 1. Layout: spacing, indention, handwriting or typeface should comply with convention. 2.Language:accurate spelling, right grammar, punctuating meaningfully, a range of vocabulary and an appropriate choice of words, a wide range of sentence structures. 3.Content: clear and convincing ideas with coherent fashion.

6. Task 3 Forming a Text from Scrambled Sentences An example: the process of making jiaozi

7. Task 4 Focusing on Cohesive Devices 1.Relationship between or within sentences. (and, also, however, etc.) 2.Grammatical devices that establish links to form the cohesion of a text. (it, this, the, here, that, etc.) 3.Repetition of key words or synonymous words.

8. Pre-Writing Definition: Pre-writing is a very important stage of the whole writing process. Activities at this stage may include deciding on the purpose, the audience, the contents, and the general outline.

9. Task 1 Developing a Sense of Purpose and a Sense of Audience Who are you writing for? Are you writing for yourself, your friends, teachers, or someone you don’t know? Are you writing for an individual person, organization?

10. Task 2 Generating Ideas Exploring possible content and planning outlines Gathering information through questions and answers, group discussion, or brainstorming Using a spider map

11. Task 3 Organizing Ideas An example: work on the topic The Purposes of Writing in English

12. The Writing Process: Drafting and Editing Drafting is the start. Editing is the revision and finalizing of the composition.

13. Task 1 Focusing Informatio Reason: writers need to find a focus, organize the main points and then elaborate on them in detail. Narrow down a topic. Find a problem to solve.

14. Task 2 Drafting Caution: Good writers tend to concentrate on getting the content right first and leave the details like correcting spelling, punctuation, and grammar until later.

15. Task 3 Revising Checklist Put your writing away for some time. Read it over. Outline the ideas and arguments. Examine the argumentation quality. Read and ask questions. Check for misspelling, punctuation and grammar errors.

16. Task 4 Editing The importance of editing: the most important activity of the post- writing stage and its purposes are to check for accuracy, provide feedback to a piece of writing for further improvement, and make the final version.

17. Useful guidances Independent Pair-work editing Writing in group

18. Designing Controlled and Guided Writing Tasks

19. Task 1 Controlled Writing by Combining 1.Describing a process 2.Reordering words 3.Reordering sentences or paragraphs 4.Listening and reordering

20. Task 2 Controlled Writing by Substitution Direct imitation: present a model and provide the new words, sentences, paragraphs, etc. Contrastive imitation: new items provided by the substitutions must be something different from the original.

21. Examples: Substitution of words and phrases in sentences Substitution of sentences in paragraphs

22. Task 3 Guided Writing by Completion 1. Completion by matching 2. Completion by multiple-choice questions (test, not teach) 3. Completion using plans or outlines

23. Task 4 Guided Writing by Reproduction Reproduction by copying Reproduction by matching

24. Task 5 Guided Writing by Compression Reason: examination purposes ability to paraphrase Purpose: recognize the difference between fact and opinion

25. Task 6 Guided Writing by Paraphrase 1.Paraphrase by imitating 2.Paraphrase by transformation 3.Paraphrase by comparing

26. Designing Free Writing Tasks One important thing about free writing tasks is that the students need stimulus before writing. A picture or sequence of pictures, a dialogue, or a letter can all be good forms of stimulus.

27. Task 1 Getting Ideas on the Topic An example

28. Task 2 Selecting and Expanding One Idea Also an example

29. Task 3 Making an Outline Purpose: enable the students to have a clear organizations of ideas and a structure that can guide them in the actual writing.

30. Task 4 Writing and Improving a Draft List possible ideas Select and expand one idea Make an outline Write a draft Correct and improve draft Write final version

31. Task 5 Designing Your Own Writing Task