1. A.K.A. Kuby Snacks: Chapter 4 Newton’s First Law of Migration: The Gravity Model

2. Places are connected through spatial interaction…the more connected…the more we get…??? ideas information money products people

3. …Migration A permanent change in residence to outside one’s community of origin. Occurs at various spatial scales: rural-to-urban urban-to-urban global (between countries)

4. Where to and Why for?? Factors of Place Desirability? (p. 88) Less-desirable places More-desirable places What are some of the "more-desirable places" to migrate to within your state, country, world?...Why?? What are some of the "less-desirable places" to migrate to within your state, country, World?...Why

6. remittances immigration = migration across an international border

7. Birthplace for foreign born population shows Historical immigration trends U.S. immigration laws historically favored northwestern Europeans and excluded people from other regions in the world…Can you tell when those laws changed?

8. Illegal immigration?? Push and Pull factors??

9. refugees immigrate unwillingly due to persecution in their home country (a PUSH factor) PUSH factors PULL factors Others?? better job pleasant physical setting affordable housing desirable climate proximity to family high housing costs traffic gridlock rising crime rates War high tax rates poor climate undesirable job

10. Migrant Selectivity Figure 4.4 (p. 92)

11. Distance Decay/Friction of Distance How has the friction of distance changed since a century ago? Why?

12. Migration Streams

13. & Counterstreams Figure 4.7 (p. 95) Ten Largest Domestic Migration Streams of Persons Born in Cuba Ten Largest Domestic Migration Streams of Persons Born in Mexico

14. Mobility Part of American experience Mobility is high in developed countries with immigrant background Migration in the past as a predictor of future migration.

15. Figure 4.9 (p. 99) Moving to a new home is a common sight in the highly mobile United States…Why…When does mobility increase??? Decrease??

16. U.S. Mobility Rates…Why are we becoming less mobile? Figure 4.10 (p. 100)

17. Regional and sub-regional shifts in population Net migration Migration patterns reflect: - location of states - historical patterns of movement - changing economic geography - perceptions about places

18. Net migration rates by state…What explains the differences?

19. Gravity Model: Predicting Migration (p. 97) Are there other variables than size and distance that affect migration decisions?...k is used to smooth out the effects of those other variables

20. Gravity Model Scatter Diagram Online Activity

21. Figure 4.13 (p. 107)

22. Figure 4.14 (p. 108) Extreme values to delete and outliers to label Cluster of points expands when extreme values are deleted

23. Newton’s First Law of Migration: The Gravity Model Chapter 4 Case Study Remember your Homework for Friday Read Kuby pp. 88-102 and respond to Questions 1-8 You will complete the Computer activities in class on Friday And submit your responses to Activities 1-4 on Monday.

24. Name That Key Term

25. A person who is outside his or her country due to a well-founded fear of persecution and who is unable or unwilling to return. Refugee A permanent change in residence to outside one’s community of origin. Migration A move across international borders. Movements of ideas, information, money, products, and people between places. Spatial Interaction Immigration A well-defined migration channel from a specific origin to a particular destination. Migration Stream Migration that runs opposite to a migration stream. Migration Counterstream

26. Reasons to move from a particular place. Push Factors Reasons to move to a particular place. Pull Factors The percentage gain or loss of population due to migration. It is calculated as in- migrants minus out-migrants divided by the total population, all times 100. Positive numbers indicate net gain; negative numbers indicate net loss. Net Migration Rate The tendency for certain types of people to migrate. Age, education, and other sociodemographic characteristics are ________ factors. Migration Selectivity Money sent by immigrants from host country to home country. Remittances

27. A point on a scatter diagram that is roughly in line with the main trend but is separated from the main group of points because of its very high or low value. Extreme Value A scatter of dots showing the relationship between two variables. Each dot on the graph represents the x and y coordinates of a different observation or case. Scatter Diagram A model to predict spatial interaction, where size (population) is directly related to interaction and distance is inversely related to interaction. Gravity Model

28. The declining intensity of an activity with increasing distance from its point of origin. Distance Decay The difference between an actual observed value of some variable and its predicted value using the gravity model. Residuals Point on a scatter diagram that lies far off the trend line. ________ on the graph correspond to cases that are poorly predicted by the model. ________ are not to be confused with extreme values, which may lie far from any other point but which are still close to the best-fitting line. Outlier