1. Beowulf Anglo-Saxon Epic Poem Written in LEGIT Old English Heroic Narrative Composed some time between the middle of the 7 th and the end of the 10 th century Originally an oral tradition; then written down Originally pagan; became Christian We don’t know who wrote it, but dozens have translated it

2. Tolkien’s Definition of the Hero “the actual heathen warrior…used his great gift of strength to earn glory and praise among men and posterity…” - “Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics” (c. 1936)

3. Tolkien’s Heroic Ideal Strength Glory Praise Among Men Posterity – From the Latin posterus, meaning “coming after” – Basically, you will be remembered in the generations coming after you.

4. Comitatus A warrior band that pledges allegiance to one another, and to a lord. In return for loyalty in battle, the members receive treasure and entertainment. The expectation is that you will fight in battle with the lord until your death. Defined by the philosopher Tacitus.

5. Comitatus