1. POPULATION DYNAMICS

2. Assessment 1 If a population is growing at a constant rate of 7% a year, it will double in approximately A.5 years B.10 years C.15 years D.20 years E.25 years

3. Assessment 2 A bottom heavy age structure diagram is indicative of A.A population at carrying capacity B.Slow growth C.Rapid growth D.Low mortality rate E.Low natality rate

4. Assessment 3 The most important factor in determining a species’ survivorship curve is A.The carrying capacity of the species’ ecosystem B.The species’ population growth rate C.The species’ population size D.The species’ parental behavior E.The climate of the species’ ecosystem

5. Assessment 4 Exponential growth A.Starts out fast and gradually slows down B.Is possible to continue unhindered in the natural world C.Is characteristic of the human population D.Is the same as logistic growth E.Has an S shaped curve

6. Assessment 5 An increase in ______ tends to correspond with a decrease in ______. A.Infant mortality rate; natality rate B.Average age at marriage; natality rate C.Cost of raising children; infant mortality rates D.Female literacy rates; fertility rate E.Urbanization; cost of raising children

7. Assessment 6 Which explains the high birth rate in contrast to the rapidly declining death rate during industrialization? A.The average age of marriage increasing B.Nations becoming more developed C.Increases in many areas including technological and medical innovations D.Increase in educational and employment opportunities for women E.Hard to change social values that place value on having many children

8. Assessment 7 K selected species A.Perform best in unstable environmental conditions B.Thrive in competition C.Spend lots of energy in reproduction D.Have constant loss survivorship curves E.Increase most rapidly when far away from the carrying capacity

9. Assessment 8 An example of a r-selected species would be A.Humans B.Cats C.Rodents D.Eagles E.Sharks

10. Assessment 9 Clumping patterns occur with vegetation primarily because A.Resources are naturally found in pockets B.They arise naturally from shading and resource competition C.Seeds are randomly distributed D.Plants secrete antagonistic varietal chemicals E.Such patterns arise from chance

11. Assessment 10 What type of population growth is shown in the country with the diagram to the right A.Slow growth B.Rapid growth C.Zero growth D.Negative growth

12. Assessment 1 If a population is growing at a constant rate of 7% a year, it will double in approximately A.5 years B.10 years C.15 years D.20 years E.25 years

13. Assessment 2 A bottom heavy age structure diagram is indicative of A.A population at carrying capacity B.Slow growth C.Rapid growth D.Low mortality rate E.Low natality rate

14. Assessment 3 The most important factor in determining a species’ survivorship curve is A.The carrying capacity of the species’ ecosystem B.The species’ population growth rate C.The species’ population size D.The species’ parental behavior E.The climate of the species’ ecosystem

15. Assessment 4 Exponential growth A.Starts out fast and gradually slows down B.Is possible to continue unhindered in the natural world C.Is characteristic of the human population D.Is the same as logistic growth E.Has an S shaped curve

16. Assessment 5 An increase in ______ tends to correspond with a decrease in ______. A.I nfant mortality rate; natality rate B.A verage age at marriage; natality rate C.C ost of raising children; infant mortality rates D.F emale literacy rates; fertility rate E.U rbanization; cost of raising children

17. Assessment 6 Which explains the high birth rate in contrast to the rapidly declining death rate during industrialization? A.T he average age of marriage increasing B.N ations becoming more developed C.I ncreases in many areas including technological and medical innovations D.I ncrease in educational and employment opportunities for women E.H ard to change social values that place value on having many children

18. Assessment 7 K selected species A.Perform best in unstable environmental conditions B.Thrive in competition C.Spend lots of energy in reproduction D.Have constant loss survivorship curves E.Increase most rapidly when far away from the carrying capacity

19. Assessment 8 An example of a r-selected species would be A.Humans B.Cats C.Rodents D.Eagles E.Sharks

20. Assessment 9 Clumping patterns occur with vegetation primarily because A.Resources are naturally found in pockets B.They arise naturally from shading and resource competition C.Seeds are randomly distributed D.Plants secrete antagonistic varietal chemicals E.Such patterns arise from chance

21. Assessment 10 What type of population growth is shown in the country with the diagram to the right A.Slow growth B.Rapid growth C.Zero growth D.Negative growth

22. Population Distribution Describes the spatial distribution of organisms within an area Describes the spatial distribution of organisms within an area Random distribution— individuals located haphazardly in space in no particular pattern Random distribution— individuals located haphazardly in space in no particular pattern

23. Population distribution Uniform distribution— individuals are evenly spaced Uniform distribution— individuals are evenly spaced –Each plant may need a certain amount of space for roots

24. Population distribution Clumped distribution— organisms arranged according to the availability of resources needed to survive Clumped distribution— organisms arranged according to the availability of resources needed to survive –Most common in nature

25. Rule of 70 Stuck on a population question? Use the rule of 70! Stuck on a population question? Use the rule of 70! Years needed to double=70 / growth rate Years needed to double=70 / growth rate

26. Practice Question 1 If a population is growth 5% per year, how long until it doubles? If a population is growth 5% per year, how long until it doubles?

27. Practice Question 2 A country has a population of 100 million and an annual growth rate of 3.5%. If the growth rate remains constant, what will the population of this country be in 40 years? A country has a population of 100 million and an annual growth rate of 3.5%. If the growth rate remains constant, what will the population of this country be in 40 years?

28. Exponential Growth When a population increases by a fixed amount each year When a population increases by a fixed amount each year

29. Logistic growth Rises sharply at first but then begins to level off as the effects of limiting factors become stronger Rises sharply at first but then begins to level off as the effects of limiting factors become stronger

30. R vs. K selected species

31. Birth and death rates Survivorship curves show the likelihood of death Survivorship curves show the likelihood of death

32. Male Female Old Age Youth Reproductive Age

33. Age structure diagrams (pyramids) Ages 0-14 Ages 15-44 Ages 45-85+ Rapid Growth Guatemala Nigeria Saudi Arabia Rapid Growth Guatemala Nigeria Saudi Arabia Slow Growth United States Australia Canada Slow Growth United States Australia Canada Male Female Zero Growth Spain Austria Greece Zero Growth Spain Austria Greece Negative Growth Germany Bulgaria Sweden Negative Growth Germany Bulgaria Sweden

34. The Demographic Transition Low High Relative population size Birth rate and death rate (number per 1,000 per year) Birth rate and death rate (number per 1,000 per year) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 Stage 1 Preindustrial Stage 1 Preindustrial Stage 2 Transindustrial Stage 2 Transindustrial Stage 3 Industrial Stage 3 Industrial Stage 4 Postindustrial Stage 4 Postindustrial Low growth rate Low growth rate Increasing Growth growth rate Increasing Growth growth rate Very high growth rate Very high growth rate Decreasing growth rate Decreasing growth rate Low growth rate Low growth rate Zero growth rate Zero growth rate Negative growth rate Negative growth rate Birth rate Total population Death rate Time