1. Societal Grand Challenges in the 21 st Century: Solutions From Converging Physical and Life Sciences and Digital Technologies Tomás Díaz de la Rubia

2. 9.6 Billion People by 2050 Aging populations, rising cost of healthcare, global pandemics, sustainability 9.6 Billion People by 2050 Aging populations, rising cost of healthcare, global pandemics, sustainability

3. 60% of Global Population Middle Class by 2030 Shift to Megacities, rising demand for energy, food, water 60% of Global Population Middle Class by 2030 Shift to Megacities, rising demand for energy, food, water

4. 25 Gtoe of Energy Demand by 2050 Finding the right solutions. Fossil fuel based economy, increased integration of renewables, remaining energy poverty, climate change 25 Gtoe of Energy Demand by 2050 Finding the right solutions. Fossil fuel based economy, increased integration of renewables, remaining energy poverty, climate change

5. 70% Increase in Food Production by 2030 Increasing need for water, urbanized population, land use and production capability, climate change 70% Increase in Food Production by 2030 Increasing need for water, urbanized population, land use and production capability, climate change

6. 1 Trillion Interconnected Devices by 2030 Digital and Smart everything, millions of new entrepreneurs, global access to knowledge and education 1 Trillion Interconnected Devices by 2030 Digital and Smart everything, millions of new entrepreneurs, global access to knowledge and education

8. Nanotechnology Graphene, novel battery and solar cell PV materials, implantable drug-delivery capsules Advanced materials and Manufacturing Light weight alloys, high strength and ductility alloys, ceramics and composites, 3D printing Genomics and Synthetic Biology Bioinformatics, predictive, preventive, personalized medicine, synthetic organisms, new therapies for cancer Exascale Computing High resolution climate models, materials genome, drug discovery, AI algorithms Climate change and sustainability Water, plant genetics, microbiology, ecology, agriculture, ocean science

9. Cray Y-MP circa 1990 ≈ 1 Micron 32 bit 8 processors 2 Gflops $100M iPhone 6 - 2015 20 nm; 64 bit 2 Gflops <$1000 Aurora - 2018 200 PetaFlops $200M iPhone X – 20YY? ?

11. Internet of Everything Interconnected sensors and networks to create “smart” solutions: smart cities, smart power, smart factories, smart medicine, smart farming…. Big Data and Predictive Analytics Identifying new relationships between data to create knowledge and predict and anticipate events Wearable Devices and Augmented Reality real-time diagnostics and monitoring, Virtual presence Artificial Intelligence Augmenting the cognitive power of the human brain, natural language Robotics Replacing elements of human labor, drones, autonomous vehicles Exponential Technology Trends and Digital 4.0

12. The deceptive forces of exponential technology change are driving disruption in many industries

13. Exponential trends in science and technology are disrupting businesses If you’re a F500 company on the S&P500 today, there’s a 40% chance that you won’t be in the F500 in 10 years

14. Kodak engineer Steve Sasson invents the digital camera in 1975 0.01 Mega Pixels Receives National Medal of Technology from President Obama in 2010

15. Destroyed by its own invention The difference between linear and exponential 19962012 Market Cap: $28B 140,000 employees 17,000 employees No Profit since 2007 Purchased by Facebook for $1B 13 employees If you do not disrupt yourself, someone else will Peter Diamandis, Singularity university

16. The innovations of the future that will help tackle society’s grand challenges will emerge from the convergence of these science and technology trends Convergence naturally leads to interdisciplinary approaches

17. 25 Gtoe of Energy Demand by 2050 Fossil fuel based economy, remaining energy poverty, climate change 25 Gtoe of Energy Demand by 2050 Fossil fuel based economy, remaining energy poverty, climate change

18. 30 Gt CO 2 /yr, 400 ppm a 10 million-year record

20. Transportation accounts for 25% of primary energy use in the U.S. Powered by fossil fuels today Vehicles powered by fossil fuel today represent a $1T asset class with 4% utilization Significant shifts are underway in the way in which vehicles are conceived and utilized – Uber, Lyft, Zip Car – Electrification of transportation – Hydrogen New modalities of transportation will be enabled by technology – Drones – Autonomous vehicles

21. The convergence of storage, sensors, networks, robotics, big data and analytics 700,000km … and counting

22. 30% Anticipated fuel savings predicted by the University of California 4 4.2m Accidents would be prevented if 90% of vehicles were autonomous, predicted by the Eno Transportation Foundation Number of states that have already passed laws for driverless car testing Robotic electric cars promise to revolutionize the future of mobility … and disrupt the automotive and energy industries

23. Advances in Energy Storage are critical and require the convergence of nanotechnology, advanced materials and exascale computing Transformational Adjacent Core Transformational Adjacent Core Pumped Storage Hydro- Electricity Beyond Lithium-Ion Strategies Li Ion Zn Air Mg++ NaS Compressed Air Liquid Metal

24. Will cars one day be autonomous, electric (or hydrogen) and 3D printed at home? ORNL 3D Printed strong, light weight carbon fiber composites Local Motors 3D printed car with 47 parts – you only buy the tires…

25. The convergence of Exascale Computing, AI, Robotics and Big Data Analytics

26. Exponential trends in Science, Technology and Engineering offer tremendous promise Convergence of multiple disciplines is required to solve grand challenge problems – Back to the future? The digital era is just starting … Industry 4.0 and smart everything: farming, medicine, transportation, etc. The students of today will be the innovators of the future – But the future of knowledge looks “distributed” – …And the cyber and other security threat cannot be ignored… – …And we will not get there without continuing advances in fundamental science