1. American Psychological Association (APA) Heather Bailey Writing Studio Coordinator Keiser University, Jacksonville Campus hbailey@keiseruniversity.edu

2. Why Does It Matter? Helps to prevent plagiarism Makes it easy for others to find your source if they are also interested in the information! Allows you and your readers to locate the most recent research findings in your field

3. Title Page

4. In-Text Citation: Snapshot The General Rule: If you are paraphrasing: Include the author’s last name and date If you are directly quoting: Include the author’s last name, date, AND page number

5. In-Text Citation: Paraphrasing Examples: According to Smith (2001), the sample population size can be too limited. The sample population can be too limited (Smith, 2001).

6. In-Text Citations: Direct Quote Examples: Jones (2004) states that it is necessary for a researcher to “adequately account for factors that affect sample size” (p. 200). She states that it is necessary for a researcher to “adequately account for factors that affect sample size” (Jones, 2004, p. 200).

7. In-Text Citation: Multiple Authors Two Authors: Johnson and Martin (2001), argue that Post Traumatic Stress Disorder went largely undiagnosed until the late twentieth century. Three to Five Authors It is important that a nurse maintains a “positive, as well as a professional, relationship with the patient” (Sutton, Parker, & Wilmont, 2009, p. 90). Six or More Authors: According to Jones et al. (2011), more research needs to be done regarding the effects of caffeine on women.

8. In-Text Citation: Indirect Sources Example: Harper (2000) influentially argues that one must understand how the brain “responds to electric impulses.” (as cited in Smith, 2004, p. 19).

9. Reference List: Snapshot The General Rules: Alphabetize entries according to author’s last name or first letter of entry if not the author’s last name Invert the author’s name: last name, followed by middle initial followed by first initials. Indent all lines ½ inch after the first line for every entry

10. Reference List: Page Format

11. Reference List: Periodicals The Basic Format: Author last name, author first initials. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number (issue number), pages. Example: Holpert, T.U. (2006). Art therapy. Psychology Today, 66 (14), 100-122.

12. Reference List: Online Periodical Basic Format: Author last name, author first initials. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Online Periodical, volume number (issue number if available). Retrieved from http://www.source.com/full/url/ Example: Carlston, H.P. (1999). Child development: The first five years. Journal of American Psychology, 33. Retrieved from http://jstor.org.

13. Reference List: The DOI Basic Format Author last name, author initials. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number, pages. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.0000/0000 Example: Holden, S.A. (2000). Animal therapy. Psychology Today, 45, 300-322. doi:http://dx.doi.org/90.3245/0000

14. Reference List: Other Electronic Sources Basic Format: Author last name, author first initials. (date of publication). Document title. Retrieved from http://onlinesoure.com. Example: Bailey, P.R. (2001). Post traumatic stress disorder in vietnam war veterans. Retrieved from http://PTSD.org.

15. Reference List: Books The Basic Format: Author last name, author first initials. (year of publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher. Location = City, State. (Use the official postal abbreviation) Example: Smith, S.T. The complete guide to adult neurological disorders. New York, NY: Penguin Books.

16. Reference List: Edited Books Edited Book, No Author: Smyth, R.S. (Ed.). (2004). The complete guide to child psychology. Boston, MA: Harper Collins, Inc. Edited Book With Author(s): Sutton, P.O. (1997). Adult cognition. R.A Stevens, (Ed.). New York, NY: Harper Collins, Inc.

17. Reference list: Multiple Authors Two Authors: Jones, R. E & Wellingham, S. T. (1990). Cognitive behavioral therapy. Journal of Psychology, 40, 99-105. Three to Seven Authors: Alley, S. H., Winston, T.U., & Johnson, R.A. (1996). The manual of child psychology. New York, NY: Penguin Books. More Than Seven Authors: Smith, K.L., Stanford, M.S., Miffin, A.T., Carlisle, S.P., Scarvey, L.O., Swinton, F.T.,... Parker, P.S. (2005). Social attitudes concerning foster parents. Sociology Today, 20, 200-245.

18. Further Information Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6 th edition Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab (OWL) http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl