1. TOPIC 3 DATA TRANSMISSION AND NETWORKING MEDIA

2. INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP) also known as Internet Access Provider (IAP) It is a company that offers its customers access to the Internet. The ISP connects to its customers using a data transmission technology appropriate for delivering IP datagram.

3. ISPs may provide Internet e-mail accounts to users which allow them to communicate with one another by sending and receiving electronic messages through their ISP's servers. ISPs may provide other services such as remotely storing data files on behalf of their customers. Allow organizations & individuals to publish information on the internet.

4. RELATIONSHIP OF ISP & INTERNET An ISP supplies Internet connectivity to home and business customers. ISPs support one or more forms of Internet access, ranging from traditional modem dial-up to cable modem broadband service. Wireless Internet service providers or WISPs have emerged that offer Internet access through wireless LAN or wireless broadband networks.

5. many ISP also offer related Internet services like email, Web hosting and access to software tools. A few companies also offer free ISP service to those who need occasional Internet connectivity but limited.

6. ISP COMPANY IN M’SIA Celcom.net iDiGi Internet Services Jaring Maxis Net

7. P1 - WiMAX, wireless broadband provider, w1max, Green Packet, Packet One TIME dotCom Berhad. TMnet Streamyx U-Mobile - Surf With U - 3G wireless broadband provider

8. OPTIONS OF ISP CONNECTION Typical home user connection Dial-up Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Broadband wireless access Cable Internet Fibre to the premises (FTTH) Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Wi-Fi

9. Typical business type connection Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) SHDSL Ethernet technologies

10. RELATED SERVICES OF ISP Broadband Internet access Fixed wireless access Cable Internet hosting service Web hosting service E-mail hosting service DNS hosting service

11. ISP LEVELS OF SERVICE Most ISPs offer two different contract levels: - home service - business class service Asymmetric Different upload and download speeds. Used for home

12. Symmetric Same upload & download speeds. Used for business. Various services are available -file storage -virus scanning -email accounts

13. Goods and services. By processing and storing data, and allowing people to access and sort these data, they facilitate the flow of information that has become vital to the economy.

14. Recent developments. The Internet is constantly expanding and evolving, and so are the industries associated with it. Many firms in the telecommunications and broadcasting industries now provide internet services Industry organization. ISPs develop and maintain the physical, technical, and contractual connections and agreements needed for the internet to function.

15. Importance of the Internet Protocol (IP) Must run Internet Protocol (IP) software to communicate on internet. IP protocol is one of the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocols. As Ethernet uses Frames, IP uses Packets. Each IP packet must contain a valid source and destination IP address.

16. The IP Packet (datagram) - Has a header which contains the source and destination IP addresses - IP addresses must be unique on the internet. - Computers in homes, small businesses and other orgaizations obtain their IP configuration from their ISP

17. HOW ISP HANDLES PACKETS The connection of servers and computers within the ISP forms a LAN (Local Area Network). A firewall is usually included for security, which is accomplished by filtering packets coming in and out of the ISP.

18. A router connects the ISP to a modem at a regional network or larger ISP. The majority of Internet traffics moves along backbones, which are high-speed fibre-optic cables.

19. HOW ISP HANDLES PACKETS Messages are divided into packets – size between 64 to 1500 bytes for Ethernet. Downloading a single 1 MB song would require over 600 packets or 1500 bytes. Each individual packet must have a source and destination IP address. Packets or datagram contain IP address and control information.