1. Acid / Base Worksheet Answer the questions to the Acid/Base worksheet by clicking through the following slides that were made by you and your classmates.

2. Acids Acids in solution have a pH below 7.0, a sour taste, releases hydroxyl ions in water, and turn litmus paper red. Strong acids cause severe skin burns. Also called mineral or inorganic acids. Weak acids are mildly corrosive and normally do not affect skin. Strong -H2SO4 - sulfuric acid HBr - hydrobromic acid HI - hydroiodic acHClO4 - perchloric acid Weak- Hydrofluoric acid Ethanoic acid Formic acid

3. Bases Bases: is a substance that can accept hydrogen ions (protons) or more generally, donate a pair of valence electrons Weak and strong base: Strong base is a base that dissociates completely into a metal. A weak base is a base that dissociates only slightly in a water solution. 3 examples of strong and weak: Strong: Rubidium hydroxide, Cesium hydroxide, Magnesium hydroxide Weak: Alanine, Ammonia, Methylamine. How to tell if a substance is a base: You can use litmus paper or bromothymol blue and phenol red strips. Or Turn phenolphthalein pink.

4. Reactions When you mix an acid with a base a lot of heat is released. There can be many chemical reactions like fizzing or bubbling or boiling etc. The scientific name for when you mix the two is neutralization.

5. Measurement You measure the acid In a base by….. pH=0 pH=1 pH=2 pH=3 pH=4 pH=5 pH=6 pH=7 pH=8 pH=9 pH=10 pH=11 pH=12 pH=13 pH=14 Battery acid, Strong Hydrofluoric acid Hydrochloric acid secreted by stomach lining Lemon Juice, Gastric Acid Vinegar Grapefruit Orange Juice Soda Tomato Juice, Acid Rain Soft Drinking Water, Black Coffee Urine, Saliva “Pure” Water Sea Water Baking Soda Great Salt Lake, Milk of Magnesia Ammonia Solution Bleaches Oven Cleaner Soapy Water Liquid Drain Cleaner 10,000,000 1,000,000 100,000 1,000 100 1 1/10 1/100 1/100 0 1/10,000 1/100,000 10000 1/10,000,000 1/100,000 Concentration of Hydrogen ions compared to Distilled water Examples of solutions at this pH

6. The pH Scale... 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 13 14 Neutral Alkaline Acidic

7. Acid rain How does acid rain form?: Acid rain is a result of chemicals or pollution in the air being taken to the clouds and atmosphere with the rain that is evaporated from the earth, it forms from the pollution in the air and other pollutants on earth that get taken back into the sky. What chemicals are in acid rain?: Acid precipitation is rain that is unusually The main pollutants that cause this problem are sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. These combine with water in the atmosphere to produce Sulfurous and Sulphuric Acid, and Nitrous and Nitric Acid. Damage that acid rain causes?: ruins cars, building, etc. pretty much everything around. Ways to solve: clean smokestacks and pipes, use alternative energy sources, restore a damaged environment.

8. Acid/ base indicators respond to a change in the hydrogen ion concentration Baking soda, blue berries, cranberries Hydrogen ion concentration