1. 1

2. 2 J.C.R. Licklider. "Man-Computer Symbiosis." In IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, volume HFE-1, pp. 4-11, March 1960. http://memex.org/licklider.pdf J.C.R. Licklider and Robert S. Taylor. “The Computer as a Communications Device.” In Science and Technology no.76, Apr. 1968, pp. 21 31. http://memex.org/licklider.pdf

3. 3 “The hope is that, in not too many years, human brains and computing machines will be coupled together very tightly, and that the resulting partnership will think as no human brain has ever thought and process data in a new way not approached by the information- handling machines we know today.” JCR Licklider, Man-Computer Symbiosis, 1960 JCR Licklider

4. 4 Whale bone eater worms have no digestive system. The bacteria which feed on whale bone lipids can not easily get to the bones. But the worm Oseda x harbors its symbiotic partner, an Oceanospirillales bacteria which digests the lipids for the worms so they both get the nutrients each needs. http://www.phschool.com/science/science_news/articles/gutless_wonder.html The sea worm Osedax A sea bacteria of the family Oceanospirillales harbored here 

5. 5 "The collection of people, hardware, and software -- the multi-access computer together with its local community of users -- will become a node in a geographically distributed computer network.” J.C.R. Licklider and Robert Taylor, The Computer as a Communication Device, 1968

6. 6 What is technology vis-a-vis humans?

7. 7 Is technology, rather than bad or good or neutral, in some ways 'natural'?

8. 8 A Netizen is a net citizen. A citizen of the net. Netizens are not just anyone who come online. Rather they are people who understand it takes effort and positive action on each and everyone's part to make the Net a regenerative and vibrant community and resource.

9. 9 "Well, I don't see any point in looking any farther. It was probably just one of those wild rumors."

10. 10 Thank you hauben@columbia.edu

11. 11 “It seems reasonable to envision, for a time 10 or 15 years hence, a 'thinking center' that will incorporate the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval.” - J.C.R. Licklider, Man-Computer Symbiosis, 1960.

12. 12 “The picture readily enlarges itself into a network of such centers, connected to one another by wide- band communication lines and to individual users by leased-wire services.” JCR Licklider, Man-Computer Symbiosis,1960

13. 13 procognitive system a system for the advancement and application of knowledge described in Licklider’s 1965 book:

14. 14 Social/Political Questions Would society set itself the goal of developing intellectual and scholarly resources? Would all the holders of digitized information share their holdings without restriction? Would society resist the commercial pressure to keep knowledge proprietary?

15. 15 Photo: http://www.indymedia.ie/article/80676 Protestors from around the world gathered in Seattle Washington to demonstrate against the globalization activities of the World Trade Organization

16. 16 One million protestors in NYC on Feb 15, 2003. Police allow only 100,000 on to First Ave. Photo: http://www.thegully.com/essays/iraq/030220_photos_antiwar_nyc.html

17. 17 “Through the network..., all the large computers can communicate with one another. And through them, all the members of the super community can communicate -- with other people, with programs, with data, or with a selected combinations of those resources.” J.C.R. Licklider and Robert Taylor, The Computer as a Communication Device, 1968

18. 18 “For the society, the impact will be good or bad, depending mainly on the question: Will ‘to be on line’ be a privilege or a right? If only a favored segment of the population gets a chance to enjoy the advantage of "intelligence amplification," the network may exaggerate the discontinuity in the spectrum of intellectual opportunity.” J.C.R. Licklider and Robert Taylor, The Computer as a Communication Device, 1968

19. 19 NY Times August 19, 2007 Op-Ed Column He Got Out While the Getting Was Good By FRANK RICH The rise of YouTube certifies the passing of Mr. Rove's era, a cultural changing of the guard in the digital age. Mr. Rove made his name in direct-mail fund-raising and with fierce top-down message management. As the Internet erodes snail mail, so it upends direct mail. As YouTube threatens a politician's ability to rigidly control a message, so it threatens the Rove ethos that led Mr. Bush to campaign at "town hall" meetings attended only by hand-picked supporters.