1. Welcome!  Today’s Lesson : Unit 4 Lesson 1- A River Rules  Objectives :  Identify the longest river in the world.  Explain ways the ancient Egyptians relied on the Nile and used it to create a civilization.  Locate on a map the Nile River and the modern countries through which it flows.  Analyze maps to assess the importance of the Nile in ancient and modern Egypt.  Describe the reasons for building the pyramids, sphinxes, and mummifying bodies.  Explain the origins and significance of the term pharaoh.  Standard 6-1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the development of the cradles of civilization as peoples moved from a nomadic existence to a settled life.  Study Island Standard : 6.1C Disclaimer: This session will be recorded for learning purposes. Learning purposes include: a lesson review for students who are absent, students who want to review for a test, etc. Remember, points are earned for attendance and participation. Failure to participate will mean you are moved to the recovery room. Remember to run your audio set up!

3. Thinking Time Brainstorm - Write down words that you identify with The River Nile The River Nile is The longest River in The World

4. The River begins a six month journey from Ethiopia, through Sudan and Egypt, and finally flows into the Mediterranean Sea.

5. What do you notice about the land on either side of the river Nile?

6. Melting snow and heavy summer rain in the Ethiopian mountains, sends a torrent of water causing the banks of the River Nile in Egypt, to overflow on the flat desert land.

7. When the floods go away, it leaves a thick, rich, black mud called silt. This is excellent soil to plant seeds in after it has been ploughed.

8. The Black Land and The Red Land Further away from the river is the Red Land, which was all desert. The area nearest the River Nile area is known as the Black land.

9. Why was the River Nile so Important for the Ancient Egyptians?  Most, Ancient Egyptians lived near the River Nile and they could not have survived without it.  Write down why you think The River Nile was so important to The Egyptians

10. The River Provided The Ancient Egyptians with: Water Food Transportation Soil for growing food

11. Can you work why this device called a Shaduf was used and what it was for?

12. Land for Farming The Egyptians settled along the river Nile as this was the only place where they had fields to grow their crops on.

13. Farmers made channels from the river to water the crops

14. Papyrus  Reeds called papyrus, grew along the banks of the Nile. The Egyptians made paper and boats from the reeds.

15. Food The Nile also gave the ancient Egyptians food. They used spears and nets to catch fish. They would also use nets to catch birds that flew close to the surface of the water. Some got breakfast, lunch and dinner from the river.

16. Trade + Transport The Nile was the quickest and easiest way to travel from place to place. They made river boats to move large, bulky things.

18. Pyramids and Such…

19. Social Pyramid

20. Specialization  Nile societies were much slower than their Mesopotamian counterparts to adopt metal tools and weapons  Did develop pottery, textile manufacture, woodworking, leather production, stonecutting, and masonry occupations Egyptian pottery makers

21. Specialization Brewing and BreadmakingPlowing and Sowing Sailing Harvesting papyrus and Herding

22. Specialization  Building a pyramid would require  Laborers  Architects  Engineers  Craftsmen  Artists

23. New Technologies Ramps and stone- cutting required to build pyramids

24. Diagram of a Pyramid

27. The Great Sphinx

28. Mummification

29. The ancient Egyptians believed that after death their bodies would travel to another world during the day, and at night they would return to their bodies. Purpose of Egyptian Mummification

30. Mummification  In order to prepare a person for the long and hazardous journey before they could enjoy the pleasures of the afterlife, the body of a dead person was preserved by a process called mummification.

31. In order for the person’s spirit to live forever, it had to be able to recognize and return to the body. If a spirit could not recognize the body it belonged to, it would die. This is why the Egyptians wanted to preserve the bodies of the dead in as lifelike a state as possible. Mummification guaranteed eternal life for the spirit.

32. The Mummification Process The entire process took 70 days to complete. Several embalmers conducted the task in the special embalming shop or per nefer. The chief embalmer was known as the hery sheshta. He wore a jackal mask to represent Anubis, the god of mummification.

33. Egyptian Mummification Process

34. Wrapping of the Mummy Actual Mummy Hook Used to Remove the Brain The embalmer wore a jackal mask to represent Anubis, the god of mummification.

35. These are canopic jars where the internal organs of Pharaohs were kept. It was thought that the gods would look after the organs so that the person would go to the after life with them safely.

36. Canopic Jars

38. Pharaohs  Pharaohs were the kings of Egypt.  The word “Pharaoh” was used by the Greeks and Hebrews.  The title “Pharaoh” originated from the Greek language and it is used in the Old Testament.  According to Egyptian legend, the first kings of Egypt were later some of the most famous gods.  All of the Pharaohs we know today existed at the end of the Predynastic period.

39. Responsibility Of Pharaohs  Pharaohs ruled with absolute power. There were few if any challenged against the King.  Despite absolute power the Pharaoh was expected to rule subject to Ma’at.  Ma’at was the goddess and symbol of the equilibrium of the universe.  The Pharaoh was expected to govern according to the principles of Ma’at.  Any King that attempted to radically change society would be seen as destroying the equilibrium that was so important to Egyptian tradition.

40. Succession  To keep the pure line of succession, a Pharaoh passed on the throne to the eldest son born of the Principal Queen, or Great Royal Wife.  Each king was usually keen to demonstrate to his subjects that he was the “chosen” heir.  The Pharaoh owned all of the land, people, and possessions in Egypt.  Any personal wealth enjoyed by Egyptians people was considered a result of the generosity of the King.

41. Recovery Room  You have been moved to this room due to a lack of participation or a behavior issue. Please send me a private chat message when you are ready to return to class.