1. 1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 5

2. 2 1. Join us for a Psychology Learning Smackdown on Arts Co-op, Arts Internship, and Community Service Learning. At the session you will learn about each of these programs, the types of work and employers/ organizations you can expect, and more! When: September 22 nd, 5:00-6:00 Where: Swing 122 Announcements

3. 3 2. The Psychology Department’s Undergraduate Journal Club is looking for motivated students to participate in meetings every third week to discuss research articles published by our faculty members. The group will be limited to 30 students, with two faculty advisors. Certificates will be given to students upon completion of the program. Meetings will be held on Wednesdays, 5:00-6:00 PM. Application due date: Friday, September 23 rd. Application forms: See Psychology Department website (http://www.psych.ubc.ca/ media/docuploads/ Journal%20Club%20Application.pdf).

4. 4 The Structure of the Nervous System 1. What are the primary divisions of the nervous system? (continued)

5. 5 2. identify the functions of the cranial nerves, afferent and efferent nerves. 1. distinguish between the central, peripheral, somatic, autonomic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nervous systems. By the end of today’s class, you should be able to:

6. 6 What are the primary divisions of the nervous system? (continued) The nervous system is comprised of two major divisions: The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).

7. 7 The PNS

8. 8  There are 31 pairs of PNS nerves that project to and from the spinal cord (spinal nerves).  There are 12 pairs of PNS nerves that project to and from the brain (cranial nerves).

9. 9 The Spinal Nerves

10. 10 Dorsal and Ventral Roots of Spinal Cord

11. 11 The Cranial Nerves

12. 12  The PNS consists of two subdivisions : The somatic nervous system: Regulates responses to the external environment. Composed of afferent nerves that carry sensory information about the external environment to the CNS and efferent nerves that carry motor signals from the CNS to the muscles of the body.

13. 13 The autonomic nervous system: Regulates the body’s internal environment. Composed of afferent nerves that carry sensory information from the internal organs to the CNS and efferent nerves that carry motor signals from the CNS to the internal organs of the body.

14. 14 There are two types of efferent nerves that characterize the autonomic nervous system: Sympathetic efferent nerves: Stimulate changes to the internal organs that prepare the organism for action (i.e., “fight and flight” responses). Parasympathetic efferent nerves: Stimulate changes to the internal organs that prepare the organism to conserve and rest (i.e., “rest and digest” responses).

15. OrganSympathetic EffectParasympathetic Effect Salivary glandDecreases secretionIncreases secretion HeartIncreases heart rateDecreases heart rate Blood vesselsConstricts blood vessels in most organs Dilates blood vessels in a few organs Iris radial and sphincter muscles Dilates pupilsConstricts pupils Sweat glandStimulates secretionNo effect Stomach and intestine Inhibits digestionStimulates secretion and motility LungsDilates bronchiolesConstricts bronchioles Arrector pili musclesErects hair and creates gooseflesh No effect 15 Some Functions of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Activation

16. 16

17. 17 The Major Divisions of the Nervous System

18. 18 Some researchers identify a third division of the autonomic nervous system: the enteric nervous system. This system contains sensory and motor neurons that regulate the digestive activities of the gut.

19. 19 The Structure of the Nervous System 1. What are the primary divisions of the nervous system? (continued)