1. The Nervous System Part One Emily Buff, Delaney Sullivan, Brendan von Hofe, Sam Zimmerman

2. http://www.skooolnigeria.com/examcentre.aspx?id=270 Components of a Motor Neuron

3. At Rest: Sodium-Potassium pumps that bring Potassium in and take Sodium out. During Action Potential: Voltage-gated channels open up during a nerve impulse, allowing Sodium Ions to flood in, increasing the inside charge. (2) Transport Proteins and Channel Proteins

4. No signals sent or received Sodium and Potassium Sodium-Potassium pump always active (1&3) o arrangement of sodium and potassium create opposite net-charges  concentration gradient Negative Charge inside of neuron A Neuron at Rest

5. A Look at the a Neuron at Rest http://bio1152.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch48/48_06bMembranePotentialB-L.jpg

6. 1.Stimulus causes sodium voltage-gated channels to open 2.Sodium floods into the cell 3.This signal travels down the axon, reversing the charge as it goes (voltage reversal) 4.To improve the polarity, potassium voltage-gated channels open 5.This movement brings the charge back down to the resting potential. Action Potential

7. Myelin Sheath (made up of lipids) (3) o Prevents electrical current from being released out of the neuron o Increases the speed of the action potential because does not allow this current to leave o Damaged or non-existent myelin sheath → Multiple Sclerosis. Action Potential cont.

8. Action-Potential http://scienceblogs.com/clock/wp-content/blogs.dir/458/files/2012/04/i-91bc1a5f2d248f09ffed13e377b9c940-ActionPotential.jpg http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter14/animation__the_nerve_im pulse.html

9. During action potential the charge changes from negative to positive inside the neuron as it travels down the axon (2&3) → voltage reversal Returns to resting-potential state as negative charges replace the positive charge Resembles a wave Action Potential Analogy

10. 1. "Animation: The Nerve Impulse." Animation: The Nerve Impulse. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2013.. 2. "Neuroscience For Kids." - action potential. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2013."Neuroscience For Kids." - action potential. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. <http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/ap. 3. Starr, Cecie, and Ralph Taggart. "Information Flow and theStarr, Cecie, and Ralph Taggart. "Information Flow and the Neuron."Ecology and behavior [from] Biology, the unity and diversity of life, ninth edition. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, 2001. 574-579. Print. References