2. Compare the images you see

4. GermanIrish ImmigrantsImmigrants

5. NorthSouth Relied on industry IndustryVery little (10% of all manufactured items) Extensive network carried supplies east and west RailroadsVery few – relied on rivers to transport goods Settled in cities and worked in factories ImmigrantsVery few – relied on slave labor

6.  The Majority of immigrants DID NOT SUPPORT SLAVERY because slavery took away possible jobs  Free labor v paid labor

7.  That was a quick review of sectionalism…now let’s look at 1. a quick lesson on Congress and then 2. see what was going on out west in the late 1840’s and early 1850’s  Remember SC succeeds from the union in 1860

8. Quick Lesson on Congress  Two Houses: House of Representatives and Senate * House of Representatives ○ The number of people a state gets is determined by their population * Senate two representatives per state

9.  What is the connection to membership in congress and voting power in congress?

10.  The more members you have in the House of Representatives the more votes(power) you have.

11.  How might adding new states have an important impact on the voting power in congress?

12.  How is westward expansion driving sectionalist feelings?

13. On August 12,1846 David Wilmot proposes… http://www.archives.gov/global-pages/larger- image.html?i=/publications/prologue/2010/spring/images/newnation- wilmot-l.jpg&c=/publications/prologue/2010/spring/images/newnation- wilmot.caption.html (this is an image)

14. Wilmot Proviso  On August 12,1846 David Wilmot proposes… Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition (to acquire or get) of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated (money given for a specific purpose), neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted.

15. Wilmot Proviso  In 1846 David Wilmot proposes adding language to a bill in Congress proposing that “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist” in any territory the US might get in a war with Mexico

16.  That means NO SLAVERY in California, Utah and New Mexico

19.  Support splits along sectional lines:  The NORTH supporting the provision – because of the economic opportunities it would give workers The SOUTH opposing - on Constitutional grounds about the rights people had with their property (slaves) and - the power it would give to the North in congress

20.  The proviso failed to be passed but the crisis is not over  In 1849 California applies for statehood as a FREE state

21.  South felt California should be admitted as a slave state because most of it was below the Missouri Compromise line

22.  President Zachary Taylor (a southerner) supported CA’s admission as a free state and felt that whether a state was free or slave should be up to them (popular sovereignty – the people should decide)

23. Congress begins to debate Issues: a) California statehood – slave or free b) Border dispute between Texas (slave) and New Mexico (undecided)

24. Other Concerns: c) North demands slavery be abolished in DC d) South Accuses North of not enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act

25.  Compromise proposed by Henry Clay “The Great Compromiser”

26. Path to Compromise  Initial plan rejected by the Senate  Clay (73 at the time – dies 1852) leaves Washington and Stephen Douglas takes up the fight

27. Path to Compromise  Douglass introduces each piece of the bill one at a time  President Taylor dies and is replaced by Millard Fillmore who supports the compromise  John Calhoun dies and southern leaders support the compromise

28.  Compromise is voted into law in September 1850

29. Compromise of 1850 Who is happy? NorthProvisionSouth CA admitted as free Stricter enforcement of Fugitive Slave Law Utah and New Mexico decide for themselves slave or free TX was paid $10 million to settle land dispute with New Mexico Slave trade banned in DC – slavery not

30. Compromise of 1850

31.  Let’s look more closely at one of the provisions of the compromise…  The Fugitive Slave Acts

32.  Fugitive Slave Acts DBQ and video  Video Fugitive Slave Acts Video Fugitive Slave Acts

33. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854  Stephen Douglas wants western lands in the union and thinks popular sovereignty is the most fair way to go  Letting the people of a territory vote slave or free

34. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854  1854 Douglas introduces a bill that would repeal the Missouri Compromise… ie: would make territory above the Missouri line open to slavery …and create two territories – Nebraska in the north and Kansas in the south

35. Remember where the line was?

36.  The bill was signed into law in 1854

37. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

38.  Thousands went to Kansas. Supporters of both a slave and free territory.  Pro-slavery supporters set up a government in Lecompton  Abolitionist supporters set up a government in Topeka

39. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854  VIOLENCE ERUPTS!!  Pro-slavery supporters burn anti-slavery town of Lawrence “Sack of Lawrence”  Anti-slavery group (led by John Brown) kills 5 slavery supporters “The Pottawatomie Massacre”

40. “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

41. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854  Charles Sumner speaks for two days in the Senate against actions in Kansas  (in his speech he makes fun of Andrew Butler of SC)

42. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854  Two days later…Preston Brooks, Butler’s nephew, walks up to Sumner and hits him on the head 5-6 times with a cane  Sumner suffers brain damage and does not return for three years

43. “The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

44. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854  South applauds Brooks and North denounces him  The gulf between north and south widens

45.  Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act

46. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20 c )

47. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

48. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!

49. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

50. The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]  Nativists.  Anti- Catholics.  Anti- immigrants.  Nativists.  Anti- Catholics.  Anti- immigrants. 1849  Secret Order of the Star- Spangled Banner created in NYC.

51. 1852 Presidential Election Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

52. 1852 Election Results

53. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854  Northern Whigs.  Northern Democrats.  Free-Soilers.  Know-Nothings.  Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas- Nebraska Act.  Northern Whigs.  Northern Democrats.  Free-Soilers.  Know-Nothings.  Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas- Nebraska Act.

54. 1856 Presidential Election James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

55. 1856 Election Results

56. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

57. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

58. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine Popular Sovereignty?

59. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

60. 1860 Presidential Election Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Ignored slavery John Bell Constitutional Union Ignored slavery Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat Popular sovereignty Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat Popular sovereignty John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat Supported Dred Scott John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat Supported Dred Scott

61. Republican Party Platform in 1860 - Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers. - Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. - No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. - Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. - Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. - Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers]. - Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers. - Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. - No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. - Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. - Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. - Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

62. 1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

63. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?

64. 1860 Election Results 1860 Election Results

65. Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing- KY)

66. Secession: SC  Dec. 20, 1860

67. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861