1. Vigilant State 1 CONTESTED DEFINITIONS INTELLIGENCE

2. Largest building project in Europe 2003

3. From Shadows to Centre Stage?

4. Vigilant State 1 What are the issues for Politics/IR? Now very big government – $50bn Issues of Foreign Policy Analysis Issues of Rights and Accountability Paradox of Democracy and Secrecy How to square the circle in a society that demands - liberty, privacy, security and luxury

5. Vigilant State 1 “I might prefer democracy to communism, communism to death, and death to prolonged torture by the secret agents of a democratic society” William Connolly The Terms of Political Discourse (p.51)

6. Vigilant State 1 TODAY ? WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE ? ? WHAT IS SECRET SERVICE ?

7. Vigilant State 1 1. WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE? Terminology in China and France English - Clandestinely by the state Diplomatic reportage is not ‘intelligence’ The kudos of intelligence What is Open Source intelligence? Information for dynamic purpose?

8. Vigilant State 1 The Ken Robertson duality definition - 'other peoples secrets gathered by secret means'. What is 'Clandestine' and what is 'Covert' ? Beware simple state-based definitions Can we have UN Intelligence ? Can we have privatised intelligence What are the consequences of emphasising either information or else secrecy?

9. Vigilant State 1 2. INTELLIGENCE STUDIES IN UNIVERSITIES US Tradition - OSS and written constitution 1949 Sherman Kent, Strategic Intelligence for American World Policy. Same tasks with the same sort of people They are a source of staff and expertise They have strategic data which has to be policed Authoritarian states want to police campuses Academic Study Depts and Journals History as PR

10. Vigilant State 1 3. WHAT IS SECRET SERVICE? Intelligence versus action – Stalin - DGSE Institutional Approach - Detailed Bureaucratic Politics Contextual Approaches – FPA e.g. Presidents Eyes Only Functional Approaches –>>> a good mezzanine floor

11. Vigilant State 1 A. Foreign Intelligence Collection - humint, sigint, overt and covert Analysis - multi-level, competitive analysis Producer - consumer linkageintel chiefs/cabinet Liaison - compartmentalised, bilateral

12. Vigilant State 1 B. Counter-Terrorism and Security Counter-terrorism Counter-Intelligence Counter-proliferation Policing in totalitarian states

13. Vigilant State 1 C. Political Control and Accountability Control - ministers, cabinet committee Accountability -select committees, enquiries, law Civil Rights – privacy, anonymity Ethics and Morality The international problem of oversight?

14. Vigilant State 1 D. Intelligence and the New Warfare Covert Action Deception and RMA NGOs and Peacekeeping Globalisation

15. Vigilant State 1 4. Why intelligence revolution in 20 th /21st century? Clausewitz – intelligence worse than useless Changed by technology, mobility and communications Surprise attack and need for warnings in real time Is the rise of domestic surveillance connected with the ‘modern’ state or with ideological conflict? Or ‘risk society’ – obsession with avoidance