1. The Four Spheres

2. Geosphere
This term refers to the EARTH. It is made up of four separate spheres:
lithosphere
atmosphere
hydrosphere
biosphere

3. Lithosphere Solid part of the Earth
Includes: soil, rocks, mountains, continents, crust, mantle, and core
4.6 billion years old
Energy flow allows for the lithosphere to constantly changing and develop

4. Atmosphere Made up of gases that encircle the planet Nitrogen Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Formed from gases given off by volcanoes
Constantly changing and evolving

5. Hydrosphere Made up of all of the Earth’s water elements. Includes:
Oceans
Seas
Lakes
Glaciers
Rivers
Streams
groundwater

6. Biosphere Consists of all of the planet’s living elements: Plants
Animals
People
Most recent of the spheres to develop

7. LIFE and the spheres
Life began in the hydrosphere (water), but later moved to the lithosphere (land) as the atmosphere (air) became better suited to sustaining life.

8. Spaceship Earth
The Earth is like a spaceship that provides essentials for life
Closed System
A system in which there is no transfer of matter into or out of a structure – nothing leaves or enters
Open System
A system that is not separate from its environment but transfers matter in and out of it
This is the Earth – it is constantly being renewed by its own forces – it is a constantly changing environment

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