1. Ecosystems

2. An ecosystem includes all of the organisms as well as the climate, soil, water, rocks and other nonliving things in a given area.
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism

3. A community is a group of different species that live together in one area.
Population
Organism

4. An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic factors.
Biotic factors are living things.
plants
animals
fungi
bacteria
plants

5. Abiotic factors are nonliving things.
moisture
temperature
wind
sunlight
soil
moisture
sunlight

6. Use the following terms for the examples on the next several pages
habitat
community
ecosystem
abiotic factors
biotic factors
biodiversity
succession

7. An anthill
habitat

8. A forest
ecosystem

9. 548 different species living in the forest
biodiversity

10. The damp soil of a forest within which a mushroom grows.
habitat

11. The pH of a lake
Abiotic factor

12. First grasses, then shrubs, then small trees, finally large trees grow in an area
Succession

13. Frogs, fish, turtles, lilypads, and dragonflies in a pond
Community or biotic factors

14. A prairie, with its living and nonliving components
An Ecosystem

15. All the organisms in a compost pile
Community or
biotic factors

17. Give examples of: community
black bears, Eastern rattlesnakes, bluebirds, trees, shrubs
abiotic factors
temperature, rainfall, humidity, smog level
habitat
bee hive, rabbit burrow, squirrel nest
producers
trees, grasses, algae in streams
consumers
deer, rabbits, squirrels, foxes, birds
decomposers
bacteria, worms

18. Making a food web http://www. classzone

19. Trophic Levels (feeding levels)3 2 1

20. Food webs

21. Grass Mouse Grasshopper Frog Owl Hawk Trophic Level
Producer, herbivore, omnivore, or carnivore?
Grass
Mouse
Grasshopper
Frog
Owl
Hawk

22. Grass 1st Producer Mouse 2nd Herbivore Grasshopper Frog 3rd Carnivore
Trophic Level
Producer, herbivore, omnivore, or carnivore?
Grass
1st
Producer
Mouse
2nd
Herbivore
Grasshopper
Frog
3rd
Carnivore
Owl
3rd and 4th
Hawk

26. Only ___ % of the energy from one trophic level passes to the next.

27. What happens to the remaining 90%?

28. It is used by the organisms or converted to heat

30. Water cycle p. 90

32. A = precipitation
B = precipitation
C = transpiration (water released from plants)
D = percolation or seepage
E = runoff
F = evaporation

34. A = carbon dioxide
in air
B = photosynthesis
C = plants, algae
D = respiration
E = herbivore
consuming grass
F = carnivore
consuming animal

35. G = respiration
H = death
I = bacteria
J = decay releases CO2
K = fossil fuels produced
L = refinery
M = combustion/burning of fossil fuels
N = burning releases CO2
O = fires release CO2

36. Nitrogen cycle

37. A = atmospheric nitrogen B = nitrogen C = legume (peas,
converted to ammonia
C = legume (peas,
peanuts, beans,
alfalfa)
D = bacteria
E = waste converted
to ammonia

38. F = nitrates formed from ammonia
G and H = bacteria
I = plants use nitrates
J = animals eat plants
K = bacteria convert nitrates to nitrogen