1. Artificial Insemination (AI) Colin Mitchell BVM&S CertEP MRCVS Hexham

2. AI – pros & cons Removes geographical restrictions Breed difficult mares Reduced injury Reduce infections Increase number of mares per stallion More skill Cost fraud

3. AI Consider foal and future use / registration Most non-TB’s acceptable

4. AI – success depends on : Satisfactory BSE ( CEM swabs ) Induction of an ovulatory oestrous Accurate prediction of ovulation Correct timing of AI Appropriate semen handling and technique Post AI examination

5. AI - requirements Clean, safe, quiet environment Mare restraint Mains electricity Clean warm water

6. Functional stocks !!!

7. Types of Semen 1.Fresh 2.Chilled 3.Frozen

8. Timing of insemination Hormonal manipulation to induce an oestrous Monitor follicle with daily scans when in oestrous Ovulation inducing agent given when follicle nearing maturity

9. Nearing Ovulation follicle on ovary oedema in uterus

10. Ovulation Imminent follicle on ovary oedema in uterus

11. Timing of AI SEMENTIMING fresh24 – 36hrs chilled12 – 18 hrs frozen6 pre/6 post

12. AI procedure Mare at correct stage Paperwork checked Tail bandage, clean,dry Evaluate semen Semen handling Inseminate Post AI therapy

13. Post AI Examination - ovary Ovulation occurred Corpus luteum forms

14. Post AI Examination - uterus Uterine inflammation and fluid retention Visible as black within uterus

15. Fluid Management Oxytocin Prostaglandin Uterine lavage Antibiotic infusion

16. Common scenario Older competition horses retiring from sport are common candidates for AI Usually maiden mares Particular challenge

17. Mature Retired Mare Uterine muscle activity reduced Ability of cervix to relax and dilate is reduced Increased risk of uterine fluid retention => Poorer breeding prognosis

18. Questions please…..